Opioids - General Info Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

Where are opioid receptors located

A

CNS

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2
Q

What are the opioid receptors

A

Mu
Delta
Kappa

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3
Q

What 2nd messenger do opioids act throught

A

Gi

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4
Q

What receptor do the majority of opioids act through

A

Mu

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5
Q

Where are Delta and Kappa mostly found

A

Spinal level for analgesia

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6
Q

What effect do Kappa receptors have

A

Psychotomimesis

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7
Q

How do opioids act

A

Close VG Ca on presynaptic and open K on postsynaptic
Decreases NTs
Inhibit ascending pain transmission
Activate descending pain-inhibitory pathways
Block inhibitory GABAergic neuron transmission

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8
Q

Can tolerance be seen with opioids

A

Yes

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9
Q

Is dependence seen with opioids

A

Yes

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10
Q

Is addiction seen with opioids

A

Yes but not therapeutically

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11
Q

What are the CNS effects of opioids

A
Analgesia
Euphoria
Sedation and drowsiness
Truncal rigidity
N/V
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12
Q

How do opioids cause resp depression

A

Decrease central response to CO2

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13
Q

What effect do opioids have on cough

A

Supression

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14
Q

What do opioids do to pupils

A

Miosis

Pathognomonic for toxic dose

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15
Q

General uses of opioids

A
Analgesia
Acute Pulmonary Edema
Cough
Diarrhea
Shivering
Anesthesia
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16
Q

Which opioids can you give for cough

A

Dextromethorphan
Codeine
Levopropoxyphene
Noscapine

17
Q

What opioids can you give for diarrhea

A

Loperamide

Diphenoxylate

18
Q

What opioids can you give for shivering

19
Q

How are opioids excreted

A

Converted to glucuronides and excreted by kidney

20
Q

What does 2D6 metabolize

A

Codeine
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone

21
Q

How do opioids cause hypotension

A

Peripheral vasodilation
Inhibition of baroreceptor reflex
Increased histamine release

22
Q

How do opioids cause biliary colic

A

Contraction of billiary SM

23
Q

How do opioids cause decreased renal function

A

Decreased RBF

24
Q

How do opioids cause prolong labor

A

Just does, OK

25
How do opioids cause Pruritis
Central effects and histamine release
26
What is the main opioid AE
Constipation
27
What happens if you give a pure agonist with a weak partial agonist
Diminish analgesia | State of withdrawal
28
Opioid + Head injury
CO2 retention leading to cerebral vasodilation
29
Opioid + Pregnancy
Fetal dependence
30
Opioid + Impaired pulm function
Acute resp failure
31
Opioid + Impaired liver function
Decreased morphine metabolism
32
Opioid + Impaired renal function
Longer t1/2
33
Opioid + Endocrine disease
Prolonged/Exaggerated response
34
Opioid + Sedatives/Hypnotics
Increase CNS depression (resp)
35
Opioid + Antipsychotics
Increased sedation Resp depression Accentuate CV effects of Anti-Ms or alpha blockers
36
Opioid + MAOIs
LIFE THREATENING | Meperidine and Tramadol