Flashcards in Opioids - General Info Deck (36):
1
Where are opioid receptors located
CNS
2
What are the opioid receptors
Mu
Delta
Kappa
3
What 2nd messenger do opioids act throught
Gi
4
What receptor do the majority of opioids act through
Mu
5
Where are Delta and Kappa mostly found
Spinal level for analgesia
6
What effect do Kappa receptors have
Psychotomimesis
7
How do opioids act
Close VG Ca on presynaptic and open K on postsynaptic
Decreases NTs
Inhibit ascending pain transmission
Activate descending pain-inhibitory pathways
Block inhibitory GABAergic neuron transmission
8
Can tolerance be seen with opioids
Yes
9
Is dependence seen with opioids
Yes
10
Is addiction seen with opioids
Yes but not therapeutically
11
What are the CNS effects of opioids
Analgesia
Euphoria
Sedation and drowsiness
Truncal rigidity
N/V
12
How do opioids cause resp depression
Decrease central response to CO2
13
What effect do opioids have on cough
Supression
14
What do opioids do to pupils
Miosis
Pathognomonic for toxic dose
15
General uses of opioids
Analgesia
Acute Pulmonary Edema
Cough
Diarrhea
Shivering
Anesthesia
16
Which opioids can you give for cough
Dextromethorphan
Codeine
Levopropoxyphene
Noscapine
17
What opioids can you give for diarrhea
Loperamide
Diphenoxylate
18
What opioids can you give for shivering
Meperidine
19
How are opioids excreted
Converted to glucuronides and excreted by kidney
20
What does 2D6 metabolize
Codeine
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
21
How do opioids cause hypotension
Peripheral vasodilation
Inhibition of baroreceptor reflex
Increased histamine release
22
How do opioids cause biliary colic
Contraction of billiary SM
23
How do opioids cause decreased renal function
Decreased RBF
24
How do opioids cause prolong labor
Just does, OK
25
How do opioids cause Pruritis
Central effects and histamine release
26
What is the main opioid AE
Constipation
27
What happens if you give a pure agonist with a weak partial agonist
Diminish analgesia
State of withdrawal
28
Opioid + Head injury
CO2 retention leading to cerebral vasodilation
29
Opioid + Pregnancy
Fetal dependence
30
Opioid + Impaired pulm function
Acute resp failure
31
Opioid + Impaired liver function
Decreased morphine metabolism
32
Opioid + Impaired renal function
Longer t1/2
33
Opioid + Endocrine disease
Prolonged/Exaggerated response
34
Opioid + Sedatives/Hypnotics
Increase CNS depression (resp)
35
Opioid + Antipsychotics
Increased sedation
Resp depression
Accentuate CV effects of Anti-Ms or alpha blockers
36