Pathoma: Ischemic Heart Disease Flashcards
Stable angina refers to ____________.
a condition in which patients do not have chest pain at rest but do with exertion
Patients with atherosclerosis typically develop symptoms only when they are ________ stenotic.
> 70%
In stable angina, the cells are __________.
injured but not killed
The hallmark EKG of stable angina is __________.
ST segment depression with exertion
Unstable angina results from _______________.
incomplete occlusion of a coronary artery; because of this, angina will occur at rest
Prinzmetal angina is a form of angina that results from _______________.
vasospasm; thus, episodes are unrelated to exertion
Other than angina, clinical signs of myocardial infarction include ___________.
dyspnea and diaphoresis
Subendocardial injury leads to ____________ on an EKG.
ST segment depression
Troponin I peaks at _______ and stays high for ________ after a myocardial infarction.
24 hours; 7-10 days
CK-MB is useful because ___________.
it goes down after 72 hours, so you can tell how recent the MI was or if there was a second MI
What is calcium-band necrosis?
When blood re-enters areas that had been ischemic, calcium returns to cells. Calcium causes contraction of the sarcomeres, but because the cells are dead, they cannot relax the contraction. Thus, pink bands of contraction will show up on histological slides of post-MI tissue.
What is the progression of tissue pathology after a heart attack?
One day = coagulative necrosis; one week = inflammation (first neutrophils and then macrophages); one month = scar (preceded by granulation tissue)
The worst complication of the macrophage phase of repair following a myocardial infarction is _________.
rupture of the ventricles, because macrophages eat debris before laying down fibrotic tissue
Dressler syndrome is ______________.
autoimmune pericarditis following an MI
Fibrinous pericarditis is a complication of the _____________ stage and only results from ___________ infarctions.
neutrophil; transmural
