Pathoma: Parathyroid Gland

Question 1

True or false: parathyroid hormone activates osteoclasts.

Answer 1

False. It activates osteoblasts which then activate osteoclasts.

Question 2

PTH causes increased serum levels of ________________.

Answer 2

calcium and phosphate

Question 3

Adenoma is the cause of _________ of all hyperparathyroidism.

Answer 3

80%

Question 4

Hypercalcemia can cause ___________, which might progress to oliguria.

Answer 4

nephrocalcinosis

Question 5

Hypercalcemia can cause acute ______________.

Answer 5

pancreatitis

Question 6

Hyperparathyroidism can lead to _____________, which are cysts in the bone from too much resorption.

Answer 6

osteitis fibrosa cystica

Question 7

How will osteitis fibrosa cystica present under the microscope?

Answer 7

As bands of fibrosis

Question 8

Hyperparathyroidism can present with high levels of ___________ in the urine. Why?

Answer 8

cAMP; because PTH binds to a Gs receptor that increases cAMP in cells

Question 9

How does renal failure lead to hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 9

Failing kidneys cannot excrete phosphate. The phosphate levels rise and the phosphate binds to calcium, leading to decreased free calcium.

Question 10

What disorder is associated with shorter 4th/5th metacarpals?

Answer 10

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Question 11

What causes pseudohypoparathyroidism?

Answer 11

Defective Gs, leading to organ resistance to PTH