Pelvis and Pelvic Floor

Question 1

the pelvis is divided into 2 regions by the pelvic brim: ____ and ____

Answer 1

false pelvis or greater pelvis; true pelvis or lesser pelvis

Question 2

the false pelvis is above the ____; pelvic inlet continuous with abdominal cavity

Answer 2

pelvic brim

Question 3

the true pelvis is below the pelvic brim; pelvic outlet closed off by ____

Answer 3

muscular pelvic floor

Question 4

the pelvic cavity is lined in continuum with the ____ of the abdominal cavity; the viscera of the pelvic cavity is ____

Answer 4

peritoneum; retroperitoneal

Question 5

os coxae made up of ___, ___ and ____

Answer 5

ilium; ischium; pubis

Question 6

pelvic brim is ___ shaped in females and ___ shaped in males

Answer 6

oval; heart

Question 7

pubic symphysis is ____ in females and pubic arch is ____ in females

Answer 7

shorter; wider

Question 8

females have more flared ____ and ____ are farther apart

Answer 8

iliac wings (alae); ischial tuberosities

Question 9

the ____ is shorter and less curved in females

Answer 9

sacrum

Question 10

females have ___ to ___ pelvic inlet which is the _____

Answer 10

oval; rounded; superior pelvic aperature

Question 11

pubic arch in females is wider with subpubic angle ____

Answer 11

> 80

Question 12

____ in females is oval and ____ is small

Answer 12

obturator foramen; acetabulum

Question 13

____ is deeper in males and ____ is narrow and deep

Answer 13

greater pelvis; lesser pelvis

Question 14

pubic arch in males is ___ with a subpubic angle of ____

Answer 14

narrow; < 70

Question 15

obturator foramen in males is ____ and ____ is large

Answer 15

round; acetabulum

Question 16

ligaments of the pelvis

Answer 16

• pubic symphysis
• anterior sacroiliac ligament
• posterior sacroiliac ligament
• sacrotuberous ligament
• sacrospinous ligament
• interosseous ligament
• obturator membrane

Question 17

connects the 2 pubic bones

Answer 17

pubic symphysis

Question 18

closes off obturator foramen (lower border of obturator canal)

Answer 18

obturator membrane

Question 19

sacrotuberous ligament extends from ____ to ____; it is the lower border of the ____

Answer 19

ischial tuberosity; sacrum/coccyx; lesser sciatic foramen

Question 20

the sacrospinous ligament extends from the ____ to the ____; it is the lower boundary of the ____

Answer 20

ischial spine; sacrum/coccyx; greater sciatic foramen

Question 21

piriformis m. extends from ____ to ____ and passes behind ____

Answer 21

anterior sacrum; greater trochanter; greater sciatic notch

Question 22

piriformis m. closes off _____

Answer 22

posterior/superior pelvic outlet

Question 23

obturator internus extends from ____ to ____; it is covered with a thick fascia and attaches to ____ as tendinous arch

Answer 23

obturator foramen; greater trochanter; levator ani

Question 24

obturator internus m. arises in pelvis to act on ____ and passes through ____; it is innervated by ____

Answer 24

hip joint; lesser sciatic foramen; L5, S1

Question 25

piriformis m. arises in pelvis to act on ____ and passes through _____; it is innervated by ____

Answer 25

hip joint; greater sciatic foramen; S1, S2

Question 26

separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum, formed by muscles and fascia

Answer 26

pelvic floor

Question 27

another name for pelvic floor is ____

Answer 27

pelvic diaphragm

Question 28

largest components of the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 28

levator ani muscles

Question 29

2 general muscles of the pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm

Answer 29

- levator ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis) | - coccygeus

Question 30

pelvic floor assisted by ____ and _____ muscles

Answer 30

piriformis; obturator internus

Question 31

diamond shaped region between the thigh with 2 triangles

Answer 31

perineum (with anal triangle or perineum and urogenital triangle of perineum)

Question 32

urogenital triangle for passage of ____ and ____ systems; made up of ____ or ____

Answer 32

urinary and genital systems | deep transverse perineal muscles; urogenital diaphragm

Question 33

anal triangle of perineum for passage of ___ and ____; made up of ____ or ____

Answer 33

rectum; anus | pelvic floor muscles or pelvic diaphragm

Question 34

UG diaphragm is ____ to the pelvic diaphragm and composed of _____

Answer 34

anterior/inferior; deep transverse perineal muscles

Question 35

UG diaphragm extends between 2 ____ and attaches posteriorly to ____; blends with ____ of urethra and vagina in females

Answer 35

pubic arches; perineal body; sphincter mm.

Question 36

transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Answer 36

ureters

Question 37

the ureters cross the ____ vessels and descend into the pelvis; they travel to the ____ aspect of the urinary bladder

Answer 37

external iliac; posterolateral

Question 38

in females, the ____ crosses the ureter and in males, the ____ crosses the ureter

Answer 38

uterine a. ; ductus deferens

Question 39

stores urine prior to expulsion through the urethra

Answer 39

urinary bladder

Question 40

the bladder consists of ____ muscle called the ____

Answer 40

smooth; detrusor urinae

Question 41

the bladder is covered by ____ and supported by the ____

Answer 41

peritoneum; pelvic floor

Question 42

female urethra is ___ cm long; pierces the ____ portion of the UG diaphragm between the ___ and ____

Answer 42

3.5-4; anterior; bladder; external urethral orifice

Question 43

4 parts of the male urethra

Answer 43

1. preprostatic 2. prostatic 3. membranous 4. spongy

Question 44

the rectum is located in the true pelvis superior to the ____; normally constricted by _____

Answer 44

pelvic floor; puborectal sling

Question 45

U-shaped ____ muscle is responsible for fecal continence

Answer 45

puborectalis

Question 46

the anal canal emerges in anal triangle ____ to pelvic floor

Answer 46

inferior

Question 47

anal canal is continuous with rectum at ____ and produces curvature here called the ____

Answer 47

anorectal junction; perineal flexure

Question 48

anorectal junction is the location of the ____

Answer 48

puborectal sling

Question 49

primary male reproductive organs; housed in the scrotum

Answer 49

testes

Question 50

fascial sheath derived from anterior abdominal wall

Answer 50

spermatic cord

Question 51

spermatic cord extends from ____ into ____

Answer 51

inguinal canal; scrotum

Question 52

spermatic cord surrounds ____, ___ and ____

Answer 52

vas deferens; testicular vessels; testicular nerves

Question 53

reproductive glands of males

Answer 53

- seminal vesicles - prostate gland - bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland

Question 54

seminal vesicles join with the ____, form the ____, and empty into the ____

Answer 54

vas deferens; ejaculatory ducts; prostatic urethra

Question 55

prostate gland is a walnut sized gland between the ____ and ____

Answer 55

bladder; UG diaphragm

Question 56

bulbourethral glands (or Cowper's glands) are 2 pea sized glands within the _____ that empty into the _____

Answer 56

UG diaphragm; penile urethra

Question 57

primary female reproductive organs; produces ova and female hormones (1 ovum released per menstrual cycle)

Answer 57

ovaries

Question 58

ovaries are encapsulated and housed in ____

Answer 58

true pelvis

Question 59

uterine (Fallopian) tubes are muscular tubes for transport of ____ to ____; they are open channels from ____ to _____

Answer 59

ovum; uterus; peritoneal cavity; uterus

Question 60

4 parts of the uterine tubes

Answer 60

isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, and fimbriae

Question 61

ovaries + uterine tubes + uterine ligaments = ____

Answer 61

adnexa

Question 62

the uterus is about __ cm long and may enlarge 20x during pregnancy

Answer 62

7

Question 63

uterus is usually ____ and at right angle to ____; position changes with ___ and ____

Answer 63

anteverted; vaginal canal; full bladder; pregnancy

Question 64

inferior neck of the uterus protruding into the vaginal canal

Answer 64

uterine cervix

Question 65

the cervix opens to the vagina as ____ and uterus as ____

Answer 65

external os; internal os

Question 66

circular gutter surrounding cervix; deeper posterior than anterior

Answer 66

vaginal fornix

Question 67

uterine ligament

Answer 67

- suspensory ligament - broad ligament - ovarian ligament - round ligament of the uterus - mesovarium

Question 68

suspensory ligament is peritoneum covering ____

Answer 68

ovarian vessels and nerves

Question 69

broad ligament is peritoneum covering the ___ and ___

Answer 69

uterus; adnexa

Question 70

ovarian ligament anchors ___ to ____

Answer 70

ovary; uterus

Question 71

round ligament of uterus is a continuation of _____ that passes through the ____ and fuses with ____

Answer 71

ovarian ligament; inguinal canal; labia majora

Question 72

posterior extension of the broad ligament

Answer 72

mesovarium