Connective Tissue

Question 1

types of connective tissue

Answer 1

embryonic connective tissue and adult connective tissue

Question 2

embryonic connective tissue

Answer 2

mesenchyme

mucous

Question 3

adult connective tissue

Answer 3

connective tissue proper

specialized

Question 4

connective tissue proper

Answer 4

loose (areolar)
reticular
dense regular
dense irregular
adipose

Question 5

specialized adult connective tissue

Answer 5

blood

supporting connective tissue (cartilage, bone)

Question 6

main functions of connective tissue

Answer 6

• binds, supports, and strengthens
• protection
• insulation
• compartmentalization
• transport
• storage of energy reserves
• immune responses

Question 7

common characteristics of connective tissue

Answer 7

• cells in an extracellular matrix
• common origin
• degrees of vascularity

Question 8

general composition of connective tissue

Answer 8

cells and extracellular matrix

Question 9

extracellular matrix (ECM) made up of …

Answer 9

protein fibers and ground substance

Question 10

protein fibers…

Answer 10

• collagen
• reticular
• elastic

Question 11

ground substance …

Answer 11

• Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (ex. hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate)
• Proteoglycans
• Multiadhesive Glycoproteins (ex. laminin and fibronectin)

Question 12

connective tissue cells

Answer 12

{fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, odontoblasts}, plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, {mast cells, basophils}, adipose cells

Question 13

fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, odontoblasts

Answer 13

production of fibers and ground substance; major structural function

Question 14

plasma cells

Answer 14

production of antibodies; immunologic function

Question 15

lymphocytes

Answer 15

production of immunocompetent cells; immunologic function

Question 16

eosinophils

Answer 16

Participation in allergic and vasoactive reactions, modulation of mast cell activities and the inflammatory process; immunologic function

Question 17

neutrophils

Answer 17

Phagocytosis of foreign substances, bacteria; defense function

Question 18

macrophages

Answer 18

Secretion of cytokines and other molecules, phagocytosis of foreign substances and bacteria, antigen processing and presentation to other cells; defense function

Question 19

mast cells; basophils

Answer 19

Liberation of pharmacologically active molecules (e.g., histamine); defense function

Question 20

adipose cell

Answer 20

Storage of neutral fats and thermogenesis; function as energy reservoir, heat production

Question 21

most common type of cell associated with connective tissue is _____

Answer 21

fibroblasts

Question 22

three types of fibers

Answer 22

1. collagen- collagen protein
2. reticular- collagen protein
3. elastic- elastin protein

Question 23

gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells

Answer 23

loose (areolar) connective tissue

Question 24

network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network

Answer 24

reticular connective tissue

Question 25

primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastin fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast

Answer 25

dense regular connective tissue

Question 26

extracellular matrix looks shiny white; consists mainly of collagen fibers arranged in bundles; fibroblasts present in rows between bundles

Answer 26

dense regular connective tissue

Question 27

primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast

Answer 27

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 28

consists predominatly of randomly arranged collagen fibers and a few fibroblasts

Answer 28

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 29

two types of adipose tissue

Answer 29

1. white adipose tissue | 2. brown adipose tissue

Question 30

the predominant type of adipose tissue in adults

Answer 30

white adipose tissue

Question 31

uniocular, spherical, flattened nucleus, rim of cytoplasm, larger diameter (15-150 micrometers)

Answer 31

adipocytes of white adipose tissue

Question 32

location of white adipose tissue

Answer 32

subcutaneous layer, mammary gland, greater omentum, mesenteries, orbits, bone marrow cavity

Question 33

function of white adipose tissue

Answer 33

energy storage, insulation, cushioning of vital organs, and secretion of hormones

Question 34

matrix as in areolar, but very sparse; closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells, have nucleus pushed to side by large fat droplet

Answer 34

white adipose tissue

Question 35

consists of adipocytes, cells specialized to store triglycerides (fats) as a large centrally located droplet ; nucleus and cytoplasm are peripherally located

Answer 35

adipose tissue

Question 36

adipose tissue predominant in fetus and newborn

Answer 36

brown adipose tissue

Question 37

adipocytes are multiocular, spherical, round, eccentric nucleus, smaller diameter (10-15 micrometers)

Answer 37

brown adipose tissue

Question 38

location of brown adipose tissue in newborns

Answer 38

5% of total body mass; back, along upper half of spine and toward shoulders

Question 39

location of brown adipose tissue in adults

Answer 39

retroperitoneal space, around aorta, neck, back, and mediastinum

Question 40

function of brown adipose tissue

Answer 40

heat production (i.e. thermogenesis)

Question 41

wraps and cushions organs; it's macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid

Answer 41

loose (areolar) connective tissue

Question 42

loose (areolar) connective tissue is widely distributed under the ____ of the body; it forms the ____ of mucous membranes, packages organs, surrounds capillaries

Answer 42

epithelia; lamina propria

Question 43

found in tendons, most ligaments, and aponeuroses

Answer 43

dense regular connective tissue

Question 44

found in the dermis of the skin, submucosa of the digestive tract, fibrous capsules of organs and of joints

Answer 44

dense irregular connective tissue