Introduction

Question 1

“structure;” the science of body structure and the relationships among them; static nature of the body

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

anatomy can be approached by ___ or ____

Answer 2

regional anatomy; systemic anatomy

Question 3

all the structures in a particular area of the body are studied together; for example the lower limb

Answer 3

regional anatomy

Question 4

body structure studied system by system independent of the region

Answer 4

systemic anatomy

Question 5

the initial reference point; body is erect (upright); facing forward; feet together and parallel, feet flat on floor; head level; eye facing forward; palms facing forward and thumbs point away from body

Answer 5

anatomical position

Question 6

face down

Answer 6

prone

Question 7

face up

Answer 7

supine

Question 8

two terms that apply to a body lying down

Answer 8

prone and supine

Question 9

two skeletal divisions of the body

Answer 9

axial and appendicular

Question 10

the axial skeleton is made up of…

Answer 10

the head, neck, and trunk, i.e. thorax, abdomen and pelvis

Question 11

appendicular skeleton is made up of…

Answer 11

the appendages or limbs

Question 12

major regions of the body

Answer 12

1. head and neck 2. thorax 3. abdomen and pelvis 4. back 5. upper limb 6. lower limb

Question 13

describe the position of one body part to another

Answer 13

directional terms

Question 14

toward/nearer the front of the body

Answer 14

anterior (ventral)

Question 15

toward/nearer the back of the body

Answer 15

posterior (dorsal)

Question 16

toward the head end or upper part of a body or structure

Answer 16

superior (cranial)

Question 17

away from the head end or upper part of a body or structure

Answer 17

inferior (caudal)

Question 18

nearer to the midline

Answer 18

medial

Question 19

further from the midline

Answer 19

lateral

Question 20

towards or at the body’s surface

Answer 20

superficial

Question 21

away from the body’s surface

Answer 21

deep

Question 22

closer to the origin of the body part; nearer the attachment of the limb to the trunk; attachment point is the shoulder

Answer 22

proximal

Question 23

further from the origin of the body part; further from the attachment of the limb to the trunk; attachment point is the hip

Answer 23

distal

Question 24

proximal and distal are used to describe structures/regions in the _____

Answer 24

extremities

Question 25

human body planes

Answer 25

sagittal, frontal/coronal, transverse/horizontal

Question 26

creates right and left halves

Answer 26

sagittal plane

Question 27

cuts body into equal right and left halves

Answer 27

midsagittal or median plane

Question 28

cuts body into unequal right and left parts

Answer 28

parasagittal

Question 29

divides the body (part) into anterior and posterior parts

Answer 29

frontal or coronal plane

Question 30

divides the body (part) into superior and inferior parts

Answer 30

transverse/horizontal/axial/cross-sectional plane

Question 31

simplest movement; flat surfaces glide or slip over one another; intercarpal and intertarsal joints are examples of this motion

Answer 31

gliding or translation

Question 32

decreases angle in a joint

Answer 32

flexion

Question 33

increases angle in a joint

Answer 33

extension

Question 34

in anatomical position, all joints are considered to be at ____ degrees

Answer 34

180

Question 35

moving away of a limb from the midline or median plane of the body

Answer 35

abduction

Question 36

moving a limb towards the midline or median plane of the body

Answer 36

adduction

Question 37

moving the limb so that it creates a cone in space; distal end of limb moves in a circle while proximal connection is basically stationary; includes flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction in quick succession

Answer 37

circumduction

Question 38

turning of a bone around its own long axis

Answer 38

rotation

Question 39

rotation towards the midline in a transverse plane

Answer 39

medial (internal) rotation

Question 40

rotation away from the midline in a transverse plane

Answer 40

lateral (external) rotation

Question 41

brings the superior surface of the foot towards the shin

Answer 41

dorsiflexion

Question 42

depresses the foot (pointing of the toes)

Answer 42

plantar flexion

Question 43

sole of the foot turns medially

Answer 43

inversion

Question 44

sole faces laterally

Answer 44

eversion

Question 45

rotating the forearm laterally which places palm anteriorly or superiorly; brings the ulna and radius parallel to each other

Answer 45

supination

Question 46

rotating the forearm medially which places the palm posteriorly and inferiorly; moves the distal end of the radius across the ulna, creating a cross

Answer 46

pronation

Question 47

nonangular anterior movement in the transverse plane

Answer 47

protraction/protrusion

Question 48

posterior movements in the transverse plane

Answer 48

retraction/retrusion

Question 49

lifting the body part superiorly

Answer 49

elevation

Question 50

moving the elevated part inferiorly

Answer 50

depression

Question 51

saddle joint between metacarpal 1 (at thumb) and the carpal bones allows for this; take your thumb and touch the tips of the other fingers on the same hand; great for grasping and manipulating objects.

Answer 51

opposition