Intro to Vasculature

Question 1

major components of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

• heart
• blood vessels
• blood

Question 2

major function of cardiovascular system

Answer 2

transportation of nutrients and oxygen, waste products, and hormones

Question 3

the atria are the ____ chambers

Answer 3

receiving

Question 4

the ventricles are the ____ chambers

Answer 4

discharging

Question 5

the left side of the heart is the pump for the ____ circuit

Answer 5

systemic

Question 6

the left atrium received _____ blood

Answer 6

oxygenated

Question 7

the right side of the heart is the pump for the _____ circuit

Answer 7

pulmonary

Question 8

the right atrium receives _____ blood

Answer 8

deoxygenated

Question 9

carry blood away from the heart

Answer 9

arteries

Question 10

smallest of the blood vessels; have a thin wall; main role is to allow the exchange of materials between the blood and body tissues

Answer 10

capillaries

Question 11

carry blood toward the heart

Answer 11

veins

Question 12

arteries carry ____ blood in the systemic circulation and carry _____ blood in the pulmonary circulation

Answer 12

oxygenated; deoxygenated

Question 13

the smallest artery is a ____

Answer 13

arteriole

Question 14

veins carry ____ in the systemic circulation and ____ blood in the pulmonary circulation

Answer 14

deoxygenated blood; oxygenated

Question 15

smallest vein is a ____

Answer 15

venule

Question 16

heart and blood vessel pathway

Answer 16

heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, heart

Question 17

the walls of blood vessels (except the smallest) have three layers or tunics:

Answer 17

1. tunica interna or tunica intima
2. tunica media
3. tunica externa or tunica adventitia

Question 18

3 parts to the tunica interna or tunica intima

Answer 18

a. endothelium
b. basal lamina
c. subendothelial layer

Question 19

contains rings of smooth muscle cells responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation; can also contain sheets or lamellae or laminae of elastin

Answer 19

tunica media

Question 20

in larger vessels this tunic contains a vasa vasorum and a nervi vascularis

Answer 20

tunica externa or tunica adventitia

Question 21

in cross section, ____ will appear more open and ____ more collapsed; additionally, the lumen of the ____ is much larger than that of the comparable artery

Answer 21

arteries; veins

Question 22

in arteries, the thickest layer is the _____

Answer 22

tunica media

Question 23

in veins, the thickest layer is the ____

Answer 23

tunica externa

Question 24

largest diameter arteries (diameter is greater than 10 mm)

Answer 24

elastic or conducting arteries (large arteries)

Question 25

walls of large arteries contain large amounts of _____; allows arteries to expand and recoil; important vessels important in helping to propel blood onward while ____ are relaxing

Answer 25

elastic fibers; ventricles

Question 26

elastic fibers function as _____

Answer 26

pressure reserve

Question 27

medium-sized arteries have a diameter of ___ to ___ mm; walls contain large amounts of _____

Answer 27

2; 10; smooth muscle

Question 28

medium sized arteries also called _____ or ____

Answer 28

muscular or distributing arteries

Question 29

medium arteries are important in regulating blood flow to specific body regions; smooth muscle cells in _____ orientation and are responsible for _____ and _____

Answer 29

circular; vasoconstriction (reduction in lumen diameter); vasodilation (increase in lumen diameter)

Question 30

diameter of small arteries

Answer 30

0.1 mm to 2 mm

Question 31

small arteries have as many as ____ layers of smooth muscle in their _____

Answer 31

eight; tunica media

Question 32

smallest diameter artery; only one or two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media

Answer 32

arterioles

Question 33

diameter of arterioles

Answer 33

10 to 100 micrometers

Question 34

capillaries have the smallest diameter of all blood vessels which is _____

Answer 34

4-10 micrometers

Question 35

capillaries have thin walls consisting of ____ and its _____

Answer 35

endothelial cell; basal lamina

Question 36

main role of capillaries is to allow the exchange of materials between the ____ and _____

Answer 36

blood; body tissues

Question 37

4 types of arteries:

Answer 37

1. elastic or conducting (large arteries) 2. muscular or distributing (medium arteries) 3. small arteries 4. arterioles

Question 38

smallest diameter vein; 10-100 micrometer diameter; receive blood from capillaries

Answer 38

venules

Question 39

endothelial cell with basal lamina and pericytes; no tunica media and no adventitia

Answer 39

postcapillary venule

Question 40

possess a tunica media with one or two layers of smooth muscle and a thin tunica adventitia; typically no pericytes here

Answer 40

muscular venule

Question 41

small veins:

Answer 41

0.1 mm to 1 mm in diameter; receive blood from muscular venule

Question 42

medium veins

Answer 42

1mm to 10mm in diameter; all three layers present.

Question 43

large veins

Answer 43

larger than 10mm in diameter; all three layers present.

Question 44

most veins in limbs have ____ which prevent backflow of blood

Answer 44

valves

Question 45

thin folds of tunica intima- endothelial cells over a thin layer of connective tissue

Answer 45

valves

Question 46

thickest layer in arteries

Answer 46

tunica media

Question 47

thickest layer in veins

Answer 47

tunica externa/tunica adventitia

Question 48

Found between the internal elastic membrane and the external elastic membrane, when these membranes are present

Answer 48

tunica media

Question 49

Composed of endothelium, basal lamina, and subendothelial connective tissue

Answer 49

tunica interna

Question 50

Composed of smooth muscle cells and elastic sheets

Answer 50

tunica media

Question 51

May contain a vasa vasorum and a nervi vascularis in larger vessels.

Answer 51

tunica externa/adventitia