Digestive System II Histo

Question 1

sm intestine has large SA for absorption: ___ meters squared

Answer 1

200

Question 2

sm intestine has long length, about __ in living, ___ in cadaver

Answer 2

10 ft; 21 ft

Question 3

sm intestine has circular folds called plicae circularis that have a ____ core

Answer 3

submucosa

Question 4

fingerlike projections of mucosa in the small intestine

Answer 4

villi

Question 5

projections of apical membrane of intestinal absorptive cells; create a striated border

Answer 5

microvilli

Question 6

the epithelium of the mucosa of the small intestine is _____; it contains ____ and ____

Answer 6

simple columnar epithelium; absorptive cells (enterocytes) and goblet cells

Question 7

intestinal glands in the mucosa of the small intestine are called ____; they are ____ glands that have ___, ___, and ____ cells associated with them

Answer 7

crypts of Lieberkuhn; tubular; paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells, and stem cells

Question 8

the submucosa in the duodenum has ____ or duodenal glands that produce ____

Answer 8

Brunner’s glands; alkaline mucous

Question 9

the muscularis externa in the small intestine has 2 layers:

Answer 9

outer longitudinal

inner circular

Question 10

in the ileum, groups of lymphatic nodules are present in the ____ and ____; these aggregated lymphatic follicles are referred to as ____

Answer 10

lamina propria; submucosa; Peyer’s patches

Question 11

specialized epithelial cells in ileum overlying Peyer’s patches

Answer 11

M (microfold) cells

Question 12

the epithelium in the mucosa of the large intestine is _____

Answer 12

simple columnar epithelium

Question 13

the crypts of lierbkuhn (intestinal glands) in the large intestine have ____, ____, ____, and ____ cells associated with them

Answer 13

absorptive cells (colonocytes), goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and stem cells

Question 14

the lamina propria of the large intestine has ____ cells and _____

Answer 14

lymphoid; lymphoid nodules

Question 15

2 layers of muscularis externa in the large intestine

Answer 15

• inner circular layer

- outer longitudinal layer (teniae coli)

Question 16

the anal canal is divided into 3 zones based on ____

Answer 16

epithelial lining

Question 17

3 zones of the anal canal

Answer 17

1. colorectal zone (superior 1/3)
2. anal transitional zone (ATZ)- middle 1/3
3. squamous zone (inferior 1/3)

Question 18

colorectal zone composed of ____

Answer 18

simple columnar epithelium

Question 19

anal transitional zone composed of a mix of ____, ____, and ____

Answer 19

simple columnar epithelium; stratified columnar (or cuboidal) epithelium; stratified squamous epithelium

Question 20

squamous zone composed of ____; at the distal end is a _____ junction

Answer 20

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium; mucocutaneous

Question 21

____ disappears in the ATZ zone

Answer 21

muscularis mucosae

Question 22

98-99 % of the pancreas functions as a ____ gland and 1-2% functions as a ____ gland

Answer 22

exocrine (compound acinar gland); endocrine (islets of langerhans)

Question 23

the liver receives blood from 2 sources:

Answer 23

1. the hepatic artery (oxygenated blood)
2. hepatic portal vein (deox blood with newly absorbed nutrients, drugs, and possible microbes and toxins from the GI tract)

Question 24

where oxygen, most of the nutrients, and certain toxic substances are taken up by the hepatocytes ; also where the hepatocytes’ products and stored nutrients are secreted back into the blood

Answer 24

liver sinusoids

Question 25

path of nutrient rich, deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein

Answer 25

liver sinusoids --> central vein --> hepatic vein --> IVC --> right atrium of the heart

Question 26

the liver is composed of structural and functional units called ____- 6 sided structures (hexagon or polyhedral) consisting of specialized cells called hepatocytes (hepatic or liver cells), in plates surrounding a central vein

Answer 26

hepatic lobules

Question 27

hepatic lobules consist of stacks of plates of hepatocytes one cell thick that are separated by _____ lined mostly with _____

Answer 27

anastomosing sinusoids; discontinuous endothelium

Question 28

hepatocytes have ___ that extend into a ____ (space of Disse) i.e. the space between the hepatocytes and endothelial cells

Answer 28

microvilli; perisinusoidal space

Question 29

the largest cells lining the sinusoids are ____ (stellate macrophages); they are phagocytotic; involved with the breakdown of some damaged or old ____ that reach the liver from the spleen; they are derived from ____

Answer 29

Kupffer cells; RBCs; monocytes

Question 30

cells found in the perisinusoidal space that store hepatic vitamin A

Answer 30

hepatic stellate cells (also known as Ito cells)

Question 31

portal triad, component of the hepatic lobule consists of 3 things:

Answer 31

hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, and common bile duct

Question 32

the gallbladder has no ____ or _____, but has a large ____

Answer 32

muscularis mucosae; submucosa; muscularis externa

Question 33

gallbladder is characterized by ____ in the mucosa and muscularis externa; caused by hyperplasia

Answer 33

Rokitansky–Aschoff sinuses