Peripheral NS Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Most of the clinically useful ANS drugs affect _____.

Answer 1

efferent neurons

Question 2

____ connects the CNS to peripheral tissues.

Answer 2

A single neuron

Question 3

____ connects the ANS to peripheral tissues.

Answer 3

A double-neuron connection

Question 4

_____ neurons originate in the cranial nerve nuclei and sacral spinal cord.

Answer 4

Parasympathetic

Question 5

Parasympathetic neurons originate in the ____ and ____.

Answer 5

cranial nerve nuclei and sacral spinal cord

Question 6

____ neurons originate in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord.

Answer 6

Sympathetic

Question 7

Sympathetic neurons originate in the ____ and _____.

Answer 7

thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

Question 8

_____ ganglia are located in the innervated organs.

Answer 8

Parasympathetic

Question 9

Parasympathetic ganglia are located ______.

Answer 9

in the innervated organs

Question 10

Sympathetic ganglia are located _____.

Answer 10

in 2 paravertebral chains along the spinal cord or in prevertebral ganglia in the abdomen

Question 11

_____ ganglia are located in 2 paravertebral chains along the spinal cord or in prevertebral ganglia in the abdomen.

Answer 11

Sympathetic

Question 12

_____ neurons are long.

Answer 12

Preganglionic parasympathetic and postganglionic sympathetic

Question 13

Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are ____.

Answer 13

long

Question 14

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are ____.

Answer 14

short

Question 15

_____ neurons are short.

Answer 15

Preganglionic sympathetic and postganglionic parasympathetic

Question 16

___ is released from cholinergic neurons.

Answer 16

ACh

Question 17

ACh is released from _____ neurons.

Answer 17

cholinergic

Question 18

____ is released from adrenergic neurons.

Answer 18

NE

Question 19

NE is released from _____ neurons.

Answer 19

adrenergic

Question 20

What are the 2 subtypes of cholinergic receptors?

Answer 20

nicotinic and muscarinic

Question 21

What are the 2 subtypes of adrenergic receptors?

Answer 21

alpha and beta

Question 22

Blood vessels receive _____ innervation ONLY.

Answer 22

sympathetic

Question 23

The predominant control is by the ____ branch of the nervous system.

Answer 23

parasympathetic

Question 24

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 24

rest and digest
increased GI motility
emptying of bladder and rectum 
pupil constriction
slowed HR and BP

Question 25

``` Which nervous system branch? rest and digest increased GI motility emptying of bladder and rectum pupil constriction slowed HR and BP ```

Answer 25

PNS

Question 26

``` Which nervous system branch? fight or flight rise in blood glucose blood flow to skeletal muscle dilation of bronchioles and pupils increased HR and BP ```

Answer 26

SNS

Question 27

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 27

``` fight or flight rise in blood glucose blood flow to skeletal muscle dilation of bronchioles and pupils increased HR and BP ```

Question 28

What are the effects of muscarinic receptor binding to the postganglionic effector organs?

Answer 28

Parasympathetic effects

Question 29

What are the effects mediated by the nicotinic neuronal receptors at autonomic ganglia?

Answer 29

SNS effects

Question 30

What is the effect on BP of alpha-1 receptor activation?

Answer 30

vasoconstriction

Question 31

What is the effect on BP of beta-1 receptor activation?

Answer 31

increased HR and force of contraction

Question 32

What is the effect on BP of beta-2 receptor activation?

Answer 32

vasodilation

Question 33

What is the effect on BP of alpha-2 receptor activation?

Answer 33

decrease in SNS outflow

Question 34

What is the postural baroreceptor reflex arc?

Answer 34

an acute compensatory response involved in moment-to-moment adjustments in BP

Question 35

This is an acute compensatory response involved in moment-to-moment adjustments in BP.

Answer 35

the postural baroreceptor reflex arc

Question 36

How is the postural baroreceptor activated?

Answer 36

increased stretch from increased arterial pressure

Question 37

What is RAAS?

Answer 37

long term compensatory response involved in BP adjustment

Question 38

This is a long term compensatory response involved in BP adjustment.

Answer 38

RAAS

Question 39

How is RAAS initiated?

Answer 39

a decrease in renal blood flow

Question 40

What does decreased renal blood flow initiate?

Answer 40

RAAS