Vesicles to Ventricles -CSF and Blood Supply

Question 1

Why is the brain so dependent upon a constant blood supply?

Answer 1

neurons lack glycogen

Question 2

What forms the BBB?

Answer 2

astrocytes and endothelial cells

Question 3

Where do the 2 main arterial blood supplies to the brain stem from?

Answer 3

the internal carotid and the vertebral arteries

Question 4

The anterior circulation system arises from the ____ and supplies the _____.

Answer 4

internal carotid artery; anterior half of the brain and medial occipital lobe

Question 5

The posterior circulation system arises from the _____ and supplies the ____.

Answer 5

vertebral arteries; brainstem, cerebellum, the medial occipital lobe, and the inferior temporal lobe

Question 6

The _____ arises from the internal carotid artery and supplies the anterior half of the brain and medial occipital lobe.

Answer 6

anterior circulation system

Question 7

The _____ arises from the vertebral arteries and supplies the brainstem, cerebellum, the medial occipital lobe, and the inferior temporal lobe.

Answer 7

posterior circulation system

Question 8

What are the 2 major terminal branches of the internal carotid artery?

Answer 8

the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery

Question 9

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 9

the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes

Question 10

What supplies the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes?

Answer 10

the middle cerebral artery

Question 11

What supplies the anterior two-thirds of the cerebral hemispheres and the orbital cortex?

Answer 11

the anterior cerebral artery

Question 12

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 12

the anterior two-thirds of the cerebral hemispheres and the orbital cortex

Question 13

At the level of the pons, the _____ fuse to form the basilar artery.

Answer 13

vertebral arteries

Question 14

At the level of the pons, the vertebral arteries fuse to form the _____.

Answer 14

basilar artery

Question 15

The posterior cerebral arteries supply the _____ and the _____.

Answer 15

medial face of the occipital lobe; inferior surface of the temporal lobe

Question 16

The _____ supply the medial face of the occipital lobe and the inferior surface of the temporal lobe.

Answer 16

posterior cerebral arteries

Question 17

The _____ give rise to the anterior and posterior spinal arteries.

Answer 17

vertebral arteries

Question 18

The vertebral arteries give rise to the _____.

Answer 18

anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Question 19

This artery branches off the vertebral artery, wraps around the medulla, and supplies most of the most caudal part of the cerebellum.

Answer 19

PICA

Question 20

This artery branches off the basilar artery, wraps around the caudal pons, and supplies the more anterior portions of the inferior face of the cerebellum.

Answer 20

AICA

Question 21

This artery branches off the basilar artery, wraps around the rostral pons, and enters the posterior fossa supply by the superior face of the cerebellum.

Answer 21

superior cerebellar artery (SCA)

Question 22

What is the Circle of Willis?

Answer 22

the connection of the posterior and anterior circulations via a series of arteries

Question 23

This is the connection of the posterior and anterior brain circulations via a series of arteries.

Answer 23

the Circle of Willis

Question 24

What is the dura mater?

Answer 24

a leathery layer closely applied to the cranium; the deepest layer

Question 25

What is the pia mater?

Answer 25

a single layer of cells covering the outside of the CNS; most superficial layer

Question 26

This is a single layer of cells covering the outside of the CNS.

Answer 26

the pia mater

Question 27

What is the arachnoid mater?

Answer 27

a loose, spongy layer btw the pia and dura

Question 28

This is a loose, spongy layer btw the pia and dura.

Answer 28

the arachnoid mater

Question 29

This is a leathery layer closely applied to the cranium; the deepest layer.

Answer 29

the dura mater

Question 30

What are the ventricles?

Answer 30

fluid-filled spaces within the brain

Question 31

These are the fluid-filled spaces within the brain.

Answer 31

the ventricles

Question 32

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 32

the connection btw the third and fourth ventricles

Question 33

This is the connection btw the third and fourth ventricles.

Answer 33

the cerebral aqueduct

Question 34

What is the fourth ventricle connected to?

Answer 34

the cerebral aqueduct and the subarachnoid space (via three apertures)

Question 35

What is ependymal?

Answer 35

a single layer of cells that lines the ventricles

Question 36

This is a single layer of cells that lines the ventricles.

Answer 36

ependymal

Question 37

The ventricles are filled with _____.

Answer 37

CSF

Question 38

What produces CSF?

Answer 38

the choroid plexus

Question 39

Where is most of the CSF found?

Answer 39

in the subarachnoid space

Question 40

How much CSF is produced per day?

Answer 40

500mL (it's replaced 4x/day)

Question 41

CSF returns to the blood primarily via _____.

Answer 41

arachnoid granulations (villi)

Question 42

Where are arachnoid granulations found?

Answer 42

lining the principle dural sinuses

Question 43

What lines the principle dural sinuses?

Answer 43

arachnoid granulations (villi)

Question 44

If there is a failure of reabsorption of CSF or if it cannot flow, ______ increases resulting in _____.

Answer 44

intracranial fluid pressure; hydrocephalus

Question 45

If the flow of CSF is interrupted, a _____ results.

Answer 45

non-communicating hydrocephalus

Question 46

If the CSF gets to subarachnoid space but isn't reabsorbed properly, it is called ______.

Answer 46

communicating hydrocephalus

Question 47

What is a communicating hydrocephalus?

Answer 47

when the CSF gets to subarachnoid space but isn't reabsorbed properly

Question 48

What is a non-communicating hydrocephalus?

Answer 48

when the flow of CSF is interrupted

Question 49

What is a hydrocephalus?

Answer 49

a failure of reabsorption or flow of CSF