Flashcards in Practice questions 2 Deck (41):
1
what nerve is at risk during thyroidectomy when the inferior thyroid artery is ligated
recurrent laryngeal
2
which branch of the subclavian artery helps to supply the brain
vertebral
3
which muscle divides the subclavian artery into three parts
scalenus anterior
4
what are paranasal air sinuses
spaces lined with respiratory epithelium which communicate with the nasal cavity
5
which paranasal sinus is inferior to the orbit
maxillary
6
which nerve supplies the posterior third of the tongue with taste sensation
glossopharyngeal
7
what nerve provides secretomotor innervation to the submandibular gland
facial
8
which cartilage completely surrounds the respiratory tract
cricoid
9
what muscle does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?
stylopharyngeus
10
what is a side effect of tricyclic antidepressants
adverse effects on the heart
contraindicated with MAO inhibitors
dry mouth and blurred vision
postural hypotension
convulsions
11
bromocryptine
dopamine receptor antagonist
12
what can result from blockade of dopamine receptors
infertility
parkinsonianism
can treat psychotic disorders
13
what drug can block dopamine receptors
haloperidol (antipsychotic)
14
what happens when L-dopa is used to treat parkinsons
it is taken up by dopaminergic neurones
it can cause psychosis
15
what drug can be combined with L-dopa to reduce peripheral effects
carbidopa
16
what are some effects of chlorpromazine (neuroleptic antipsychotic)
causes urinary retention, gynaecomastia, weight gain, dry mouth
17
what is busipirone
anxiolytic
18
what is 5-HT (Hydroxytryptamine)
central neurotransmitter
can cause increased GI motility
reuptake is inhibited by clomipramine
19
what is clomipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant
20
what is reserpine
antipsychotic and antihypertensive
21
what are some features of excitotoxicity
excesive build up of neurotransmitter (glutamate) around the neuron
generation of free radicals
calcium overload
activation of intra cellular proteases and lipases
22
what are some side effects of narcotic analgesia
nausea
dependence
sedation
resp, depression
23
what prostaglandin opposes platelet aggregation
prostacyclin
24
mannitol
a sugar used to treat raised intracranial pressure
25
what are the features of drug metabolism
it may produce a compound with more or less pharmacological activity
it may produce metabolites with a higher water solubility
26
which muscle displaces the eye downwards and inwards
inferior rectus muscle (occulomotor nerve)
27
what muscles does the occulomotor nerve supply
superior rectus
levator palpebrae superioris
medial rectus
inferior oblique
28
what are the two occulomotor nuclei
occulomotor nucleus
Edinger-westphal (psymp)
29
where is the occulomotor nucleus
superior colliculus
30
what is the function of the edinger westphal nucleus
pupil constriction (sphincter pupillae)
cilliary muscle (accommodation)
31
what muscle does the trochlear nerve supply
superior oblique
32
what is the function of superior oblique (trochlear nerve)
abducts, depresses and internally rotates the eye
33
how many extraoccular muscles control the eye
6
34
what is the function of the lateral rectus muscle (abducens nerve(
points the eye down and laterally
35
where does the olfactory and optic nerves emerge from
cerebrum/forebrain
36
what nuclei are found in the midbrain
3 and 4
37
what nuclei are found in the pons
5,6,7,8
38
what nuclei are found in the medulla
9,10,11, 12
39
what is a ganglion
a nuclei found in the PNS (in terms of cranial nerves they may be sensory or psymp)
40
which cranial nerves have a sensory function
5,7,8,9,10
41