Practice questions 2

Question 1

what nerve is at risk during thyroidectomy when the inferior thyroid artery is ligated

Answer 1

recurrent laryngeal

Question 2

which branch of the subclavian artery helps to supply the brain

Answer 2

vertebral

Question 3

which muscle divides the subclavian artery into three parts

Answer 3

scalenus anterior

Question 4

what are paranasal air sinuses

Answer 4

spaces lined with respiratory epithelium which communicate with the nasal cavity

Question 5

which paranasal sinus is inferior to the orbit

Answer 5

maxillary

Question 6

which nerve supplies the posterior third of the tongue with taste sensation

Answer 6

glossopharyngeal

Question 7

what nerve provides secretomotor innervation to the submandibular gland

Answer 7

facial

Question 8

which cartilage completely surrounds the respiratory tract

Answer 8

cricoid

Question 9

what muscle does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

Answer 9

stylopharyngeus

Question 10

what is a side effect of tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 10

adverse effects on the heart

contraindicated with MAO inhibitors

dry mouth and blurred vision

postural hypotension

convulsions

Question 11

bromocryptine

Answer 11

dopamine receptor antagonist

Question 12

what can result from blockade of dopamine receptors

Answer 12

infertility

parkinsonianism

can treat psychotic disorders

Question 13

what drug can block dopamine receptors

Answer 13

haloperidol (antipsychotic)

Question 14

what happens when L-dopa is used to treat parkinsons

Answer 14

it is taken up by dopaminergic neurones

it can cause psychosis

Question 15

what drug can be combined with L-dopa to reduce peripheral effects

Answer 15

carbidopa

Question 16

what are some effects of chlorpromazine (neuroleptic antipsychotic)

Answer 16

causes urinary retention, gynaecomastia, weight gain, dry mouth

Question 17

what is busipirone

Answer 17

anxiolytic

Question 18

what is 5-HT (Hydroxytryptamine)

Answer 18

central neurotransmitter

can cause increased GI motility

reuptake is inhibited by clomipramine

Question 19

what is clomipramine

Answer 19

Tricyclic antidepressant

Question 20

what is reserpine

Answer 20

antipsychotic and antihypertensive

Question 21

what are some features of excitotoxicity

Answer 21

excesive build up of neurotransmitter (glutamate) around the neuron

generation of free radicals

calcium overload

activation of intra cellular proteases and lipases

Question 22

what are some side effects of narcotic analgesia

Answer 22

nausea
dependence
sedation
resp, depression

Question 23

what prostaglandin opposes platelet aggregation

Answer 23

prostacyclin

Question 24

mannitol

Answer 24

a sugar used to treat raised intracranial pressure

Question 25

what are the features of drug metabolism

Answer 25

it may produce a compound with more or less pharmacological activity it may produce metabolites with a higher water solubility

Question 26

which muscle displaces the eye downwards and inwards

Answer 26

inferior rectus muscle (occulomotor nerve)

Question 27

what muscles does the occulomotor nerve supply

Answer 27

superior rectus levator palpebrae superioris medial rectus inferior oblique

Question 28

what are the two occulomotor nuclei

Answer 28

occulomotor nucleus | Edinger-westphal (psymp)

Question 29

where is the occulomotor nucleus

Answer 29

superior colliculus

Question 30

what is the function of the edinger westphal nucleus

Answer 30

``` pupil constriction (sphincter pupillae) cilliary muscle (accommodation) ```

Question 31

what muscle does the trochlear nerve supply

Answer 31

superior oblique

Question 32

what is the function of superior oblique (trochlear nerve)

Answer 32

abducts, depresses and internally rotates the eye

Question 33

how many extraoccular muscles control the eye

Answer 33

6

Question 34

what is the function of the lateral rectus muscle (abducens nerve(

Answer 34

points the eye down and laterally

Question 35

where does the olfactory and optic nerves emerge from

Answer 35

cerebrum/forebrain

Question 36

what nuclei are found in the midbrain

Answer 36

3 and 4

Question 37

what nuclei are found in the pons

Answer 37

5,6,7,8

Question 38

what nuclei are found in the medulla

Answer 38

9,10,11, 12

Question 39

what is a ganglion

Answer 39

a nuclei found in the PNS (in terms of cranial nerves they may be sensory or psymp)

Question 40

which cranial nerves have a sensory function

Answer 40

5,7,8,9,10

Question 41

which cranial nerves also have an autonomic function

Answer 41

3, 7, 9, 10