Practice questions Flashcards
Why might surgery to the parotid gland cause a dry eye
damage to the facial nerve which runs through it
this would paralyse obicularis oculi leading to a drooping eyelid and dry eye
what is the nerve supply to the parotid
9- glossopharyngeal
what is Ramsey hunt sydrome
shingles infection that goes on to infect cn 7
this can lead to paralysis of the facila muscles e.g. obicularis oculi
what can cause glaucoma
blockage of scleral venous drainage
what is hutchitongs sign
vesicles on the tip of the nose which may precede opthalmic herpes zoster
shingles infection spreading to the eye, can spread to the optic nerve
what are the signs of huntingtons
flailing movement, confusion, disdiodochokinesia
what is the cause of huntingtons
damage to the caudate nucleus leading to loss of GABA and encephalin
this means the indirect pathway is decreased and movement in increased
what substances mediate the medial globus pallidus
GABA and substance P
what is the result of lesions to the spinocerebellar part of the cerebellum
linb ataxia and action tremour
what would be the effect of vermis lesions
bilateral loss of control of truncal muscles and slurred speech
what are the signs of stroke on an enhanced CT
abnormal cortical subcortical area, appears darker than usual due to oedema
hyperdense areas
inability to visualise the lentiform nucleus
what is the result of PHF8 mutation
siderius x linked retardation and cleft palate
what mutations may cause cleft lips
22q11, IRF8, PHF8
what is the gene for wardenburgs syndrome (deafness, constipation, pigment defects)
PAX-C
TCOF-1 gene (failure of the first and second arch to develop, abnormal eye shape and underdeveloped zygoma)
treacher collins
what is bullous keratopathy
small vesicles are formed in the cornea due to endothelial dysfunction
what vision would be the result of an optic tract lesion
bitemporal hemianopia
what test can be used to test the function of the superior oblique muscles innervated by the trochlear nerve
look downward and inwards
what causes homonymous hemianopia
optic tract damage
what would be the result of and abducent nerve lesion
patient could not look lateral
what would the result of an occulomotor nerve lesion
pateint could not look up and out , down and out , medail or up and inward
what nerve innervates stapedius muscles which dampens the movement of stapes bone
facial, 7
if damaged can lead to excessive movement of stapes on loud noises leading to pain
what pharyngeal arch makes the facial nerve and stapes
2nd
what does the first pharyngeal arch make
trigeminal nerve and muscles of mastication
