Reading: Music and the Enlightenment, the Symphony, and the Classical Concerto Flashcards Preview

J - MUSIC 101 > Reading: Music and the Enlightenment, the Symphony, and the Classical Concerto > Flashcards

Flashcards in Reading: Music and the Enlightenment, the Symphony, and the Classical Concerto Deck (45)
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1
Q

Where did Classical music develop?

A

Vienna, Austria.

2
Q

Joseph II is known as an “___” ruler.

A

Enlightened.

3
Q

Who are the two French philosophers associated with the Enlightenment?

A

Voltaire and Rousseau.

4
Q

What did Thomas Jefferson write concerning the Enlightenment?

A

“Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

5
Q

Rococo

A

A mid-eighteenth century style that was light and often frothy.

6
Q

Divertimento

A

An 18th-century genre of light instrumental music, designed for entertainment.

7
Q

The Classical era of music focused on…

A

Music as entertainment.

8
Q

What became the most progressive operatic form in the latter part of the eighteenth century?

A

Opera buffa.

9
Q

The opera of the Classical period can be compared to the ___ of the literary genre.

A

Novel.

10
Q

Were concerts the sole source of income for most Classical musicians?

A

No, they still relied on court patronage, the opera house, and the church.

11
Q

What are the two concepts needed to understand Classical music?

A
  • Natural.

- Pleasing variety.

12
Q

True or false? Classical music has a rigid rhythmic quality.

A

False.

13
Q

True or false? There was more variation in dynamics in the Classical period.

A

True.

14
Q

What led to the increased variety in dynamics in the Classical period?

A

The pianoforte (piano).

15
Q

What was the role of the woodwinds in the Classical orchestra as opposed to in the Baroque orchestra?

A

Were included all the time instead of for just festive occasions. Added pleasing variety, strengthened the strings.

16
Q

Describe the composition of a Classical orchestra:

A

Strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion (2 timpani).

17
Q

What were Classical melodies like?

A

Simple, more like popular music. Gave you something to hum along to.

18
Q

What is the primary texture of the classical period?

A

Homophony.

19
Q

There was a drive towards ___ in texture in the Classical period.

A

Simplicity.

20
Q

What is special about themes in Classical music?

A
  • They are repeated immediately after first appearance.
  • They are led into in a distinctive manner.
  • They are closed off just as distinctly.
21
Q

___ cadences are a characteristic of Classical music.

A

Multiple.

22
Q

What are the most important forms of the Classical period?

A

Sonata form, minuet form, rondo form, and theme and variations form.

23
Q

Symphony

A

A large orchestral piece in several movements.

24
Q

First movement of a typical Classical symphony:

A

Substantial piece in fast or moderate tempo. Sometimes preceded by short but solemn introduction in slower tempo.

25
Q

Second movement of a typical Classical symphony:

A

Slow tempo and quiet mood.

26
Q

Third movement of a typical Classical symphony:

A

Minuet and trio. Persistent dance rhythms, moderately paced dance in triple meter.

27
Q

Fourth movement of a typical Classical symphony:

A

Fast. May be in sonata form, but rondo is more common.

28
Q

Sonata Form

A

A form developed by the Classical composers and used in almost all of the first movements of their symphonies, sonatas, etc.

29
Q

The A section in a sonata form is called the ___.

A

Exposition.

30
Q

The B section in a sonata form is called the ___.

A

Development.

31
Q

The A’ section in a sonata form is called the ___.

A

Recapitulation.

32
Q

Exposition

A

(1) The first section of a fugue; (2) the first section of a sonata-form movement.

33
Q

First Theme

A

In sonata form, a motive or tune (or a series of them) in the tonic key that opens the exposition section.

34
Q

Bridge

A

In sonata form, the section of music that comes between the first theme and the second group and makes the modulation, also called transition.

35
Q

Second Group

A

In sonata form, the group of themes following the bridge, in the second key.

36
Q

Second Theme

A

In sonata form, one theme that is the most prominent among the second group of themes in the exposition.

37
Q

Cadence Theme

A

In sonata form, the final conclusive theme in the exposition.

38
Q

Development

A

(1) The process of expanding themes and short motives into larger sections of music; (2) the second section of a sonata-form movement, which features the development process.

39
Q

Retransition

A

In sonata form, the passage leading from the end of the development section into the beginning of the recapitulation section.

40
Q

Recapitulation

A

The third section of a sonata-form movement.

41
Q

Coda

A

The concluding section of a piece or a movement, after the main elements of the form have been presented. Codas are common in sonata form.

42
Q

Form of the Classical concerto:

A

Long opening movements and no minuet movements. Opening, slow, and closing movements.

43
Q

Double Exposition Form

A

A type of sonata form developed for use in concertos.

44
Q

Orchestra Exposition

A

In Classical concerto form, the first of tow expositions, played by the orchestra without the soloist.

45
Q

Solo Exposition

A

In Classical concerto form, the second of two expositions, played by the soloist and the orchestra.

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