Sonata Form: The Heart of the Classical Style Flashcards

(29 cards)

1
Q

Enlightenment

A

Scientific thinking applied to social issues.

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2
Q

Baroque era was the time of ___, the age of scientific discovery.

A

Renaissance.

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3
Q

What are the guiding forces in enlightenment?

A

Justice and reason.

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4
Q

What innovations in entertainment were there in the Classical era?

A
  • Salon (party/seminar).
  • Coffee house (hipster alert).
  • Novel (extended stories, entertainment).
  • Public concert (music accessible outside the court).
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5
Q

What are the two qualities that made enlightenment in music obvious?

A
  • Natural.

- Pleasing variety.

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6
Q

Rhythm in Classical music:

A

Varied and flexible between themes and sections.

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7
Q

Dynamics in Classical music:

A

More markings, gradations.

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8
Q

Orchestra in Classical music:

A

Woodwinds, brass, and percussion become standard use.

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9
Q

Melody in Classical music.

A

Easily grasped, singable. Clear beginnings and ends.

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10
Q

Texture in Classical music:

A

Homophony is rule. Counterpoint is contrast (for development). Continuo is out, improvised rhythm obscures sonority.

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11
Q

The Classical form is all about ___ and thwarting them.

A

Expectations.

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12
Q

What is the main expectation in Classical music?

A

Resolution. Tension arises, and must be resolved. Satisfaction of return is a form of resolution.

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13
Q

Clarity is key in Classical music, you must know that the ___ has occurred.

A

Resolution.

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14
Q

How do Classical composers use distinctiveness to make form clear?

A

Themes are distinct from transitions. Transitions are less melody, more urgency.

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15
Q

How do Classical composers use repetition to make form clear?

A

When a theme is introduced, you expect it to be repeated.

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16
Q

How do Classical composers use cadences to make form clear?

A

Themes are often closed with several clear cadences.

17
Q

Sonata form is a greatly expanded ___ form.

18
Q

Sonata form is the musical version of a basic plot – the ___.

19
Q

Three parts of a sonata:

A

Exposition, development, recapitulation.

20
Q

Exposition

A
  • Clear statement of themes.
  • Establishment of tension. Foreshadowing of greater tension to come.
  • Sectional repetition.
21
Q

How is tension always established in the exposition?

A

Dramatic modulation to secondary key.

22
Q

How is tension often established in the exposition?

A

Contrasting themes.

23
Q

What is the basic form of the exposition?

A

Theme 1, bridge (modulation), Theme 2 (in new key).

24
Q

Exposition always has ___ ___.

A

Sectional repetition.

25
Development
- Heightening of tension. - Frequent modulation to a variety go keys. - Sequences. - Thematic fragmentation. - Polyphonic. - Ends with retransition.
26
Retransition
End of development that leads back to recapitulation.
27
Recapitulation
- Provides the satisfaction of return. - Themes 1 and 2 are presented again. - No sectional repetition. - Theme in secondary key returns in the tonic key. Necessitates changes to bridge. - Sometimes themes are shortened or varied. As long as sense of return is satisfied.
28
Coda
Section at end meant to round things off.
29
Double Exposition
Exposition 1 played by orchestra, theme did not change keys. Exposition 2 played by soloist. Theme 2 is in the secondary key when played by soloist.