reducing addiction Flashcards
(19 cards)
how does NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY reduce addiction
NRT works by gradually releasing nicotine into the blood stream at lower levels than that in a cigarette and without the other harmful chemicals found in a cig. the nicotine binds to the nachr which releases dopamine. this helps the individual control their cravings for a cigarette, improving their mood and preventing relapse.
how does varcline help with a nicotine addiction
it causes the release of dopamine in the brain and blocks the effects of any nicotine added into the system, reducing the need for a cig and the pleasurable effects of smoking.
how does bupropain decrease nicotine addiction
it increases the levels of dopamine by inhibiting its re uptake which stimulates the effects of nicotine. theyre nicotine free pills that reduce a persons craving for tobacco.
what are agnostics
these create a similar effect to the addictive drug by activating the same neuron receptors
e.g. methadone has similar effects as heroin but reduces side effects
what is an antagonist
this reduces the effect of the adictive drug by binding to and blocking the neuron receptors the drug acts on.
e.g. nalxertone reduces the pleasurable feeling of heroin
what is an aversive
this creates an unpleasent feeling when a drug is taken, creating a negative association through classical conditioning
what is the A03 for drug therapy for reducing addiction
supporting evidence- a systematic review from the cochrane drug and alcohol group found methadone successfully reduces heroin use. for smoking a meta analysis by hughes et al found that NRT helped people quit smoking
it can be combined with CBT to provide a more holistic approach
side effects- many drugs have side effects, methadone itself is highly addictive and can cause headaches/naeusa meaning its dangerous
time effective.
what are behavioural interventions
this asusmes that behaviours are learned and uses behaviourist approaches to treat addiction
what is aversion therapy
this uses counter conditioning to replace the positive feeling recieved by alcohol to replace it with a negative feeling
what is the a03 for aversion therapy
supporting evidence-elkins shows how emetic drugs are useful for reducing alcohol addiction, 60 % of patients treated with emetics remain alcohol free the next year
ethical issues- it works by inflicting suffering and pain onto patients in order to remove an addiction- goes against BPGS
What is covert sensitisation
this is similar to aversion therapy but instead of being presented with a negative stimulus you imagine it. e.g. when smoking a therapist will make you imagine throwing up whilst taking the cig. at the end of the therapy the therapist will have you imagine feeling happy whilst not taking a cig
what is the A03 for covertt sensitisation
no side effects- drug therapy has side effects such as naeusa. imagining something wont cause that can give you these feelings
difference between patients- it only works for pps with a vivid imagination, if pps arent able to picture negative things in their mind it wont work
what is CBT FOR ADDICTION
the cognitive aspect alters how individuals think about their addictive behaviour and the behavioural aspect helps them learn new ways of coping effectively with circumstances that led to this behaviour
what is functional analysis
the client and therapist identify high risk situations in which the client is likely to gamble, the therapist reflects on what the client is thinking before during and after a situation. it helps the client identify or trigger reasons for their addiction
what is cognitive restructuring
this is restructuring to tackle biases that operate even below the clients level of awareness
what are ways of changing behaviour
gamblers are asked to visit a casino and refrain from betting, internet addicts are asked to not go on the internet for 6 hours
what are examples of skill training
assertiveness training can be used to help confront interpersonal conflicts in a rational way
anger management training can help clients cope with situations that make them angry enough to start drinking
relaxation skills- many addicts learn to self meditate for when theyre stressed instead of taking nicotine
what is relapse prevention
learning to identify and avoid those risky situations that trigger feelings and can lead to relapse
what is the A03 for CBT
no side effects
its only good when matched with medication- feeney reported 14% abstention rates when using only CBT compared to 38% in a group with CBT and medication
its only good asa short term use- cowlishaw et al found cbt is only good in the short term 0-3 months post treatment than it is in the long term 9-12 months post treatment. the benefits are overestimated
lack of standardisation- there are many different approaches and aspects of CBT that makes us question which aspects are effective if there are any
