Regulation Of Gene Expression Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Regulation Of Gene Expression Deck (33)
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1
Q

What is cDNA’s purpose?

A

Allows eukaryotic proteins to be expressed in E. Coli

2
Q

Reverse transcriptase

A

Converts mRNA to cDNA (along with DNA polymerase I)

3
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

Fills in blanks, removes primers, fills in again

4
Q

Linker

A

Prepares cDNA for cloning into a vector

5
Q

Nucleotide probes

A

Using amino acids to synthesize a probe to attempt to find the section of DNA desired

6
Q

Immunoscreening

A

Using clones to find the antibody of the desired protein

7
Q

Polymerase Chain Reaction

A

Can make millions of copies of a region of DNA to study it

8
Q

RAPD analysis

A

PCR technique that allows identification of disease causing organisms.

9
Q

Constitutive proteins

A

Proteins found in relatively constant amounts in the cells regardless of the metabolic state of the cell

10
Q

Inducible proteins

A

Proteins usually found in low concentrations in a given cell, but can be increased markedly in response to proper stimulus

11
Q

Gene Amplification

A

The replication of a gene responsible for forming a certain protein is greatly increase

12
Q

Transcriptional activators

A

Most important for gene regulation in eukaryotes

13
Q

Methotrexate

A

Inhibitor of DHFR that is important to thymidine synthesis, and thus DNA. Cancer cells develop a resistance to methotrexate.

14
Q

Transposons

A

DNA fragments “jump” via transposase enzyme. Antibiotic resistance genes can jump.

15
Q

Immunoglobins

A

Antibodies made via gene rearrangement

16
Q

Enhancers

A

Activator sequences that help bind transcriptional factors.

17
Q

Hormone Responsive Elemements

A

Hormone specific receptors will bind to hormone specific enhancers, thus producing hormone regulated proteins

18
Q

Metallothionein enhancer

A

Can activate gene via zinc. Produces mt protein.

19
Q

Pancreatic beta-cell tissue enhancer

A

Showed that enhancers can be tissue-specific

20
Q

Helix-Turn-Helix binding of transcription factor

A

2 connected coils of an alpha-helix with one coil lying flush in a major groove and the other turned away about 90º. Found in E. Coli (is a lac repressor protein)

21
Q

Zinc Fingers

A

Zinc coordinates loop domains in the proteins with each domain bonding to the major groove of the DNA (Estrogen has many zinc fingers)

22
Q

Leucine zipper

A

Modified/small region of larger DNA bind protein. Holds thee DNA binding alpha-helical domains in correct position for interaction with the DNA

23
Q

Loop binding

A

NF-Kappa beta: bonds/loops in the protein. To create loops in the DNA. Influences major inflammation pathway in cells

24
Q

JAK-STAT

A

Signaling pathway vital for the function of cytokines

25
Q

JAKs

A

Kinases that bind to the receptor. Will phosphorylation the STATs

26
Q

STATs

A

Family of transcription factors that turns on the genes in the DNA after it is phosphorylated to make cytokines

27
Q

Loss of gene for STAT 1

A

Loss of response to viral/bacterial infection

28
Q

Loss of STAT 4

A

No T helper 1 cell function

29
Q

Loss of STAT 5

A

No breast development or lactation

30
Q

What controls play a role in regulating which mRNAs reach the cytoplasm?

A

Post-transcriptional controls

31
Q

How doe the processing of hnRNA to mRNA regulate post-transcriptional nuclear controls?

A

Regulation of splicing and message stability

32
Q

Masked RNA

A

Repressor proteins bind to mRNA and prevents translation

33
Q

Micro-RNA

A

Small RNA transcripts which regulate the levels and translation of messages. Can signal degradation of mRNA or block translation