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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 1 > Respiratory Anatomy & Intro > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy & Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between the ventilation system and the respiration system?

A

VS: where air moves (nostrils - bronchioles)
RS: where gas is exchanged

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2
Q

What happens to air as it passes through the nostrils? Which part of the nostrils do this?

A

Warm and humidify air (nasal turbinates)

Clean (mucous and hairs)

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3
Q

Why are breeds like pugs prone to respiratory infections?

A

Short nasal passage

Cannot clean/warm/humidify air

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4
Q

What happens during laryngeal paralysis?

A

Larynx folds over the trachea

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5
Q

The nasal cavity is split into three passages. What are these called?

A

Superior nasal meatus
Middle nasal meatus
Inferior nasal meatus

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6
Q

What structures support the cartilaginous rings of the trachea?

A

Muscle: dorsal tracheales

Connective tissue

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7
Q

What is ‘respiratory epithelium’?

A

Special pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells which produce mucous from goblet cells

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8
Q

What is each lung supplied air by?

A

Primary bronchi

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9
Q

What is each lobe supplied air by?

A

Secondary bronchi

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10
Q

What is each lobule supplied air by?

A

Tertiary bronchi

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11
Q

What animals have additional bronchi branching?

A

Pigs

Ruminants

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12
Q

What structures support bronchi?

A

Cartilage and smooth muscle

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13
Q

What structures support bronchioles?

A

Smooth muscle

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14
Q

Which type of bronchiole lose the respiratory epithelium? What is it replaced with?

A 
Tertiary (alveoli)
Simple squamous (type 1 alveolocytes)
Cuboidal (type 2 alveolocytes)
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15
Q

What do type 2 alveolocytes secrete? What is this? What does it do

A

Pulmonary surfactant
Lipoprotein
Reduces surface tension within alveoli

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16
Q

Which pleura (serous membrane) make up the parietal pleura?

A

Visceral pleura (lungs)
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal

17
Q

What is dead space?

A

Regions which are ventilated but do not participate in gas exchange

18
Q

What it is the alveolar septa?

A

Strucutre which separates adjacent alveoli

19
Q

Yorkies have what type of trachea that makes them prone to collapsing?

A

Wide cartilage

Large tracheal muscles

20
Q

Which species have lobed lungs?

A

Pigs and ruminants

21
Q

Which lobe does the horse not have?

A

Middle

22
Q

Which molecule acts as an oxygen store for working muscles?

A

Myoglobin

23
Q

What is the blood supply to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery and vein

Bronchial arteries from aorta, empty into azygous vein

24
Q

What is the clinical signifcance of having no arterial venous anastomoses in the lungs?

A

All blood must pass through a capillary bed

Likely for tumour

25
Q

What gives the sympathetic supply to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary plexus

26
Q

What gives the parasympathetic nerve supply to the lungs?

A

Vagus and pulmonary plexus

27
Q

What is normal breathing?

A

Eupnoea

28
Q

What is increased breathing rate?

A

Tachypnoea

29
Q

What is increased breathing depth

A

Hyperpnoea

30
Q

What is no breathing

A

Apnoea

31
Q

What is laboured breathing

A

Dyspnoea

32
Q

Which species has both active and passive phases to inspiration and expiration?

A

Horse

33
Q

Describe active inspiration and what happens after it

A

Abdominal muscles push abdomen cranially
Pushes diaphragm into thorax
Passive inspiration due to negative pressure

34
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for most animals? What about horses?

A

20-30

10-12

35
Q

In which direction do external intercostal muscles run?

A

Caudventrally

36
Q

In which direction do internal intercostal muscles run?

A

Cranio centrally

37
Q

Do small alveoli need more or less surfactant?

A

More

More surface tension due to larger SA and pressure gradient

38
Q

What is minute ventilation equal to?

A

Respiratory rate x tidal volume

39
Q

Is turbulence found in larger or smaller airways?

A

Larger

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 1 (54 decks)

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