Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 1 > Vertebral Column - Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Vertebral Column - Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

A

Stiffen the axis
Maintain posture
Aid locomotion by muscle attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is included in the axial skeleton?

A

Head, neck, thorax, tail

(No limbs or hips) - peripheral skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the order of the vertebrae?

A 
Cervical (neck) 
Thoracic (rib cage)
Lumbar (back)
Sacral (end of back)
Caudal/coccygeal (tail)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae does a dog have?

A 
7
13
7
3
20+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae does a pig have?

A 
7
14/15
6/7
4
20+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae does a sheep/goat have?

A 
7
13
6-7
4
20+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae does an ox have?

A 
7
13
6
5
20+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae does a horse have?

A 
7
18
6
5
20+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which vertebrae are considered ‘typical’

A

C3 - C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What passes through the vertebral foramen?

A

Vertebral canal and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What passes through the intervertebral foramen?

A

Spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the intervertebral foramen made of?

A

Cranial and caudal notches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are adjacent vertebrae articulated?

A

Synovial joints

Caudal articulate facet sits inside cranial one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which vertebrae are atypical?

A

C1 & C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the nucleus pulposus? What is it made from?

A

Act as a shock absorber

Gelatinous cushion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the annulus fibrosus composed of? What is it’s function?

A

Concentric fibrous rings

Attach to adjacent vertebrae to provide stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name of C1?

A

Atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the name of C2?

A

Axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is the atlas (C1) different from typical vertebrae?

A

Reduced body
No spinous process
Large transverse process (palpable ‘wings’)
Articulates with occipital condyles of skull cranially
Articulates with C2 causally (rotary movement of head- no joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does the axis (C2) differ from typical vertebrae?

A 
2 bodies
Large, palpable dorsal spinous process
Articulates with Clatlan to axial joint
Only lateral rotation. 
No flexion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the functions of C3-C7?

A 
Mobile:
Flexion
Extension
Lateral movement
Disc protrusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the transverse foramen a carry?

A

Vertebral vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which cervical vertebrae lacks the transverse foramen?

A

C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why are there 7 cervical vertebrae, but 8 spinal nerves? (C8)

A

Nerves exit from the cervical vertebrae canal cranially
Nerves exit from the thoracic vertebrae canal causally
This leaves a nerve between C7 and T1 called T8

25
Q

How do thoracic vertebrae differ from typical ones?

A

Short body
Long spinous process
Small transverse process
Costal fovea cranially and causally
T1-T10 have caudally angled spinous processes
T11-T13 have short, vertical spinous processes

26
Q

What are T11-T13 called?

A

The anti clinical vertebrae

27
Q

Why is the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae reduced?

A

To accommodate for the ribs

28
Q

What are ribs numbered after?

A

Caudal vertebral articulation

29
Q

What helps articulate the ribs?

A

The cranially and caudal costal fovea

30
Q

How do lumbar vertebrae differ from typical ones?

A 
Long body
Short spinous process 
Large transverse processes
Large cranial articular process 
Accessory process
31
Q

Why do horses have very long transverse processes in lumbar vertebrae?

A

To support the very large GI tract

32
Q

What is the function of the sacral vertebrae?

A

Articulates with pelvis

No movement, no discs (single bone)

33
Q

What attaches the sacral vertebrae to the pelvis?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

34
Q

What do the first few coccygeal vertebrae resemble?

A

Small lumbar vertebrae

35
Q

How much movement do the coccygeal vertebrae have?

A

Large amount

36
Q

The first few coccygeal vertebrae have haemal arches. What are these and what is their function?

A

Small chevrons in bone

Protect the coccygeal artery

37
Q

When does the vertebral canal disappear?

A

After Cy 5-7

38
Q

Vertebral arteries are a branch of which major artery?

A

Subclavian

39
Q

What structures are within an intervertebral disc?

A

Annulus fibrosis

Nucleus pal poses

40
Q

The Atlanto occipital joint does what head movement?

A

Yes

41
Q

The Atlanto axial joint does which head movement?

A

No

42
Q

What does C7 lack?

A

Transverse foramen

43
Q

What is the name of the articulation between the head of the rib and a vertebra?

A

Costal fovea

44
Q

Which vertebrae is the anticlinal one?

A

T11

45
Q

Coccygeal vertebrae are like small lumber. However they have an additional structure centrally. What is this and what does it do

A

hemal arch

Protect coccygeal artery

46
Q

What ligament holds the ribs to the costal fovea?

A

Costotransverse ligament.

47
Q

Which ligament holds rib heads together?

A

Intercapital ligament

48
Q

What is the nuchal ligament?

A

Elastic ligament found at C2

Continuous of supraspinous

49
Q

Disc protrusions and extrusions are most common in which vertebrae?

A

Mobile ones

Lumbar, cervical

50
Q

What is intervertebral disc disease?

A

Intervertebral disc bulges into spinal cord

51
Q

What is wobbler’s disease?

A

Cervical vertebrae instability

52
Q

How many articulate facets are there between each vertebrae?

A

4 - 2 cranial, 2 caudal

Except Atlanto-occipital and Atlanto-axial

53
Q

What bounds the thoracic cavity?

A

THoracic inlet
Diaphragm
Sternum
Vertebrae

54
Q

What layers are there to the thoracic body wall?

A 
SKin
Cutaneous trunks
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia and muscles
Endothoracic fascia
Pleura
55
Q

What bounds the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm
Pelvic inlet
Lumbar vertebrae
Muscle wall

56
Q

What does the nuchal ligament do?

A

Support the head

57
Q

What are epaxial muscles/

A

Muscles above the transverse process of vertebrae

3 groups: transversospinalis, longissimus, iliocostal

58
Q

What are hypaxial muscles?

A

Muscles below the transverse process of the vertebrae

59
Q

What is the blood supply from the ribs?

A

Intercostal artery

Runs to costochondral junction where it joins the interthoracic artery

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 1 (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions