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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 1 > Support Tissues > Flashcards

Support Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of liquid support tissues

A

Cells - blood cells

Extra cellular matrix - plasma and lymph

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2
Q

When observing liquid support tissues, most cells need a special stain to observe what. What do these release?

A

Cytoplasmic granules

Release histamine

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3
Q

What is the function of the basal membrane?

A

Cell adhesion
Diffusion barrier
Regulate growth

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4
Q

How is the basement membrane adhered to the basal lamina?

A

Hemidesmosomes

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5
Q

What are the functions of support tissue?

A

Provide mechanical stability

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6
Q

What is connective tissue made from?

A

Cells and extracellular matrix

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7
Q

What is mesenchyme?

A

Connective tissue found in the embryo

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8
Q

What is extracellular matrix? What does it do?

A

Fibrous proteins and extracellular molecules

Provide support to surrounding cells

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9
Q

Which cells synthesise ECM? What do they mature to and how are these different?

A

Fibroblast

Fibrocytes - dormant, reduced in volume, elongated

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10
Q

Extra cellular fluid is composed of..

A

Collagen fibres

GAGs - glucosaminoglycans

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11
Q

Collagen attracts acid stain. Why?

A

It is positively charged

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12
Q

What are the 2 main categories of ordinary connective tissue?

A

Loose

Dense

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticulum

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of dense connective tissue?

A

Regular
Irregular
Elastic

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15
Q

What does loose areolar connective tissue do? Where is it found?

A

Support epithelial lining of GI, respiratory and urinary tracts
Also found between cells of other organs

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of loose adipose connective tissue?

A

White fat - energy reserve or insulation

Brown fat - produces heat in neonates, many mitochondria

17
Q

What is loose reticular connective tissue? What does it do?Where is it found?

A

Type of collagen
Acts as a filter
Liver and lymphatic system

18
Q

Where is regular dense CT found? What does it do?

A

Tendons/ligaments

Runs in same direction as muscle to provide strength and support

19
Q

What does dense irregular CT do?

A

Surrounds organs

20
Q

What does dense elastic CT do? What is it composed of?

A

Allows stretching of areas e.g. lungs/arteries
Attaches tendons
Composed of protein elastin

21
Q

What are specialised connective tissues? What are they produced by? What are the 3 types?

A

Cartilage
Produced by chondroblasts and chondrocytes
Fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage

22
Q

Give an example of where fibrocartilage is found. What does it do? What is it composed of?

A

Intervertebral disc
Allows support and flexibility
Lots of collagen

23
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found? What does it do? What shape are the cells?

A

Joints
Provides support where bone is not required, save weight
Round

24
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

Flexible fibres e.g. pinna

25
Q

What shapes can bones be? What is the shaft of a bone called? What about the ends?

A

Long or flat
Diaphysis
Epiphysis

26
Q

Describe the cells involved with bone production and remodelling

A 
Osteogenic cells 
Form osteoblasts (make new bone tissue and matrix)
Form osteoclasts (maintain, reabsorbed and breakdown bone tissue)
27
Q

What penetrates into compact bone? What is the bone cavity filled with?

A

Blood vessels
Nerves
Lymphatic vessels
Marrow

28
Q

What does red marrow produce? Where is it found? What about yellow marrow?

A

RBCs in young animals

Adult animals, adipose tissue can be used for haematopoiesis

29
Q

What is the Haversian system?

A

Functional units of compact bones - made of layers

Remodelled throughout life

30
Q

What is bone derived from in the embryo? What are the two types of ossification called? (Both lead to same type of flat bone)

A

Mesenchyme
Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification

31
Q

Describe intramembranous ossification

A

Within the membrane
Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts
Osteoblasts lay down osteoid which is calcified into bone

32
Q

What is osteoid?

A

Bone matrix

33
Q

Describe woven bone

A

No organised layers surrounding blood vessels

Weak

34
Q

Describe endochondral ossification

A

Mainly long bones, develop inside cartilage
Bone first made of solid hyaline cartilage which enlarges as foetus grows
Woven bone remodelled into lamellar bone
Formation starts at ossification centres. Chondrocytes die and become hallow
Secondary centres of ossification lengthen the bone

35
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

The growth of cartilage whilst bone grows, due to addition of more ECM

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 1 (54 decks)

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