Intro To Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the function of blood?

Answer 1

To remove waste products and he’s

Transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones and enzymes

Question 2

How many thoracic vertebrae (and therefore ribs) do dogs have?

Answer 2

13

Question 3

The word costal refers to what body part?

Answer 3

Ribs

Question 4

The word caudal relates to what structure?

Answer 4

Cartilage

Question 5

The sternum is made up of sternebrae. What are the first and last sternebrae called?

Answer 5

Manubrium

Xiphoid process

Question 6

The heart is situated between which ribs?

Answer 6

3 and 6

Question 7

The lung is separated into lobes. What defines a lobe?

Answer 7

A part of the lung which has its own bronchus

Question 8

What are the names of the left lobes of the lung?

Answer 8

Cranial and caudal

Question 9

What are the name of the right lobes of the lung?

Answer 9

Cranial, middle, caudal, accessory

Question 10

What is a pleura?

Answer 10

A serous membrane lining the thorax

Question 11

What is the name of the serous membrane lining the lungs?

Answer 11

Visceral pleura

Question 12

What is the mediastinal pleura?

Answer 12

Serous membrane covering the middle of the thorax (mediastinal)

Question 13

What is the name of the serous membrane covering the ribs?

Answer 13

Costal pleura

Question 14

What is the name of the serous membrane covering the diaphragm?

Answer 14

Diaphragmatic pleura

Question 15

What does the parietal pleura (everywhere in thorax except lungs) consist of?

Answer 15

Mediastinal, Costal and diaphragmatic pleura

Question 16

Pleura is under what type of pressure? What does this mean?

Answer 16

Negative pressure

Pleura have lower pressure than area around it

Question 17

What is the name of the invaginate sac of serous membrane containing the heart?

Answer 17

The pericardium

Question 18

What does the pericardium contain which allows the heart to move?

Answer 18

Fluid

Question 19

The heart wall is made up of what?

Answer 19

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

Question 20

What separates the atria? What separates the ventricles?

Answer 20

Interarterial septum

Interventricular septum

Question 21

All 4 heart chambers are visible from a lateral view of an animal.
What are the top and bottom of the heart called?

Answer 21

Top - base

Bottom - apex

Question 22

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body via which blood vessel?

Answer 22

Aorta

Question 23

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via which blood vessel?

Answer 23

Pulmonary artery

Question 24

What is systole?

Answer 24

The emptying of heart chambers as the heart contracts

Question 25

What is diastole?

Answer 25

The filling of the heart chambers as the heart relaxes

Question 26

The heart generates its own electrical pathway. Where does this electrical pulse originate and where does it go?

Answer 26

``` Sinoatrial node Atrioventricular node Bundle of his Left limb Right limb Septomarginal band Left bundle branch Right bundle branch ```

Question 27

The normal ‘lub-dub’ sound of the heart makes the start and end of what?

Answer 27

Systole

Question 28

What causes the lub noise?

Answer 28

Blood rebounding on AV valve in ventricles

Question 29

What causes the dub noise?

Answer 29

Blood rebounding on the semilunar valves

Question 30

What causes heart murmurs?

Answer 30

Turbulence in the blood

Question 31

What do you hear during auscultation (listening) of each side of the heart?

Answer 31

Left side - rib 3 pulmonic valve, rib 4 aortic valve, rib 5 mitral valve Right side - tricuspid