SI worksheet

Question 1

utilizing dyes during the staining process helps to increase the ______ of the organism

Answer 1

contrast

Question 2

what is the part of the dye that carries the positive or negative charge

Answer 2

chromophore

Question 3

a microbiologist wants to look closely at the surface of a virus, they would use a

Answer 3

scanning electron microscope

Question 4

which dyes are considered simple stains

Answer 4

malachite green, safranin, crystal violet

Question 5

describe simple stains

Answer 5

no differentiation between cell types, uses basic and differential stains

Question 6

do gram positive organisms pick up the counter stain during a gram stain procedure?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

what is a decolorizer composed of

Answer 7

alcohol and acetone

Question 8

what is a primary stain

Answer 8

crystal violet

Question 9

what is a counterstain

Answer 9

safranin

Question 10

what is a mordant

Answer 10

iodine and it adheres the stain to the cell(keeps it on there)

Question 11

what microscope constructs a 3D image of a thick structure such as a living cell

Answer 11

confocal(plane by plane, attached to computer)

Question 12

acid fast organisms do nt receive stains well because

Answer 12

they have waxy content in their cell walls preventing staining

Question 13

describe basic dyes

Answer 13

they are used in simple staining, they have positive charges, they are attracted to negatively charged structures in the cell

Question 14

steps in the gram staining procedure

Answer 14

primary stain, mordant, decolorizer, counterstain

Question 15

why can smaller organisms be seen using an electron microscope

Answer 15

electrons have shorter wavelengths than light

Question 16

negative staining is used to make microbial ______ visible

Answer 16

capsule

Question 17

what does pleomorphic mean

Answer 17

the cell has multiple shapes

Question 18

on what evidence did aristotle base his belief of spontaneous generation

Answer 18

observing living things seemingly arise from non living matter

Question 19

what three domains of life include microbes

Answer 19

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 20

unicellular organisms that are placed in this junk category are known as

Answer 20

protista

Question 21

based on endosymiotic theory which two organelles are thought to have arisen from engulfed bacteria

Answer 21

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 22

uses a series of lenses and uses visible light for illumination

Answer 22

compound light microscopy

Question 23

uses a darkfield condenser and an opaque disk that blocks direct light;specimen appears light against a dark background

Answer 23

darkfield miscroscopy

Question 24

uses direct and diffracted light in one beam to form an image of the organism in light, gray and black; permits detailed examination of living organisms

Answer 24

phase-contrast microscopy

Question 25

uses differences in refractive indexes and two beams of light instead of one; image appears brightly colored and 3D

Answer 25

differential interference contrast microscopy

Question 26

organisms absorbs UV lights and gives off visible light; organism may be tagged with a fluorochrome

Answer 26

fluorescence microscopy

Question 27

one plane of a specimen is illuminated; uses fluoresce; may be attached to a computer to generate a 3D image

Answer 27

confocal microscopy

Question 28

a beam of electrons is focused onto a small area of the organism; image is 2D

Answer 28

transmission electron microscopy

Question 29

uses a beam of electrons reflected off the organism; allows 3D like view of surface

Answer 29

scanning electron microscopy

Question 30

uses sharp probe to move along surface of organism; transmits image to a computer; has increased resolving power

Answer 30

scanned probe microscopy