Virsues

Question 1

What occurred before anyone understood what they were

Answer 1

Many epidemics of viral diseases

Question 2

This was in the early 1700s
Inoculation of children with smallpox lesions
Observed Turkish women doing this

Answer 2

Lady Montague

Question 3

This person published successful attempts to prevent smallpox by exposure to cowpox
Occurred in 1798

Answer 3

Edward Jenner

Question 4

Developed porcelain bacteria filters used later in virus discovery
1884

Answer 4

Charles Chamberland

Question 5

Discovered the causative agent of tabacco disease passed through bacterial filters
1892

Answer 5

Dimitri Ivanowski

Question 6

Causative agent of tabacco disease was infectious after filtration
Referred agent as filterable virus
1898

Answer 6

Martinis Beijernick

Question 7

Discovered hoof and mouth disease

Answer 7

Loeffler

Question 8

Discovered yellow fever caused by filterable virus and mosquitos

Answer 8

Walter Reed

Question 9

First to isolate viruses that infect bacteria

1915

Answer 9

Frederick Twort

Question 10

What are some general characteristics of viruses

Answer 10

Non living entities(not considered organisms)

Contain a single type of nucleic acid

Question 11

Can viruses infect organisms of all life forms

Answer 11

Yes but they can’t reproduce outside the host

Question 12

What is a complete virus particle

Answer 12

Virion

Question 13

What does the virion consist of

Answer 13

Nucleic avid and protein coat

Question 14

What is the term of the protein coat and what is it composed of

Answer 14

Capsid and it is composed of capsomers

Question 15

What’s does the capsid do

Answer 15

Protect genome and aids in transfer of cells

Question 16

What do the virion spikes attach to

Answer 16

Appropriate cells

Question 17

What are sometimes included within the capsid

Answer 17

Enzymes

Question 18

What may virions be

Answer 18

Naked(without envelope) and enveloped (surrounded by lipid membrane)

Question 19

This is surrounded by same viruses

Lipid and carbohydrates usually derived from host

Answer 19

Viral envelope

Question 20

These are proteins in envelope that are virus specific

Answer 20

Peplomers(spikes)

Question 21

Describe viral replication

Answer 21

Only multiply inside metabolizing cell
Each virus contains info to make viral proteins, assure replication, and move in/out of cells
Two phases

Question 22

What are the two phases of viral replication

Answer 22

Extra cellular and intracellular

Question 23

Metabolically inert

Answer 23

Extracellular

Question 24

Metabolically active

Answer 24

Intracellular

Question 25

Describe the size of viruses

Answer 25

Very small in comparison to living things | Range in size and complexity

Question 26

These are hollow tubes with proteins | Attaches to RNA and cover

Answer 26

Helical

Question 27

These have 20 sides and are typical virus shape Some are structurally complex 12 vertices

Answer 27

Icosahedral

Question 28

``` T-4 bacteriophage Robot like To get through cell wall Head=nucleic acid Tail fibers interact with bacteria ```

Answer 28

Complex

Question 29

``` Showed up in small pox virus Does not cause diseases Appears like cowpox virus No capsid Enveloped Outer structure ```

Answer 29

Vaccinia virus

Question 30

The shape of the virus is determined by its

Answer 30

Capsid and nucleic acid(determines shape of capsid)

Question 31

What is bacteriophage classification based on

Answer 31

Phage morphology and nucleic acid properties

Question 32

Describe bacteriophage interactions with host cell

Answer 32

Depends on infecting phage Some multiply inside cell Some phage integrate into host genome

Question 33

Phages that multiply inside the cell produce what

Answer 33

Numerous progeny

Question 34

This is the life cycle that culminates with host cell bursting, releasing virus particles

Answer 34

Lytic cycle

Question 35

Phages that lose their host during the reproductive cycle

Answer 35

Virulent phages

Question 36

During this the phage collide by chance with bacteria | Base plate with spikes settles on surface of bacterium

Answer 36

Adsoprtion/ attachment

Question 37

What are the receptor sites in attachment

Answer 37

Specific surface structures on host to which virus attach Specific for each virus Can be proteins, lipopolysaccharides, teichoic acids

Question 38

During this bacterial viruses inject the nucleic acid into the host through the cell wall

Answer 38

Penetration

Question 39

Broad schema of virus reproduction

Answer 39

Landing-attachment-tail contraction-penetration/unplugging-DNA injection

Question 40

What remains outside of the host cell

Answer 40

Capsid

Question 41

Bacterium is infected with an experimentally constricted bacteriophage composed of T2 phage protein coat and T4 phage DNA. The new phages produced would be

Answer 41

T4 protein and T4 DNA (DNA controls what is being made)

Question 42

Duplication of viral components is a sequential process Virus will inhibit activity of the host DNA Viral DNA takes over and begins transcribing mRNA

Answer 42

Synthesis

Question 43

During this the protein structures of phages are synthesized independently Replicated components are made into mature virus

Answer 43

Assembly

Question 44

T4 lysis I’d host brought about by several proteins | Host cell bursts and releases viruses to outside

Answer 44

Release of phage particles