skeletal system

Question 1

what are the 6 functions of a skeletal system?

Answer 1

support
protect
movement
store/release mineral ions
hematopoiesis ( make blood cells in bone marrow)
store triglycerides (store excess fat in cells)

Question 2

what are the 2 major tissues in the skeletal system?

Answer 2

bone and cartilage

Question 3

define vascularised

Answer 3

lots of blood vessels that give nutrients/o2 to organs/tissues

Question 4

what are the characteristics of bone and cartilage?

Answer 4

bone:
- vascularised
- connective tissue (has cells and extracellular matrix)
- in matrix is proteins

cartilage:
- poor vascularised connective tissue
- has sulphates and fibres instead of protein in matrix

Question 5

inside of the bone what type of bone do you see?

Answer 5

compact and spongy

Question 6

define osteogenic cells

Answer 6

undifferentiated cells in bone tissue that will turn into osteoblast

Question 7

in some detail what are the function of the 3 types of osteo cells?

Answer 7

osteoblast:
-synthesis/secrete collagen fibres
- build extracellular matrix to start calcification
osteoclast:
- bone dissolving cells
- bone remodelling to keep mineral balance
osteocytes:
- are mature osteoblast
- regulate bone health
- respond to stress

Question 8

what are the 3 structures of a long bone ?

Answer 8

epiphysis= (distal or proximal )
diaphysis= long part
metaphysis= joins the diaphysis and epiphysis together

Question 9

what 3 things do bone metabolism depend on?

Answer 9

minearls= calcium
vitamins= D
hormones= thyroid and insulin for growth

Question 10

what does the axial and appendicular axis consist of?

Answer 10

axial= skull, thorax and vertebrate column
appendicular= everything else: pelvis, shoulder and upper/lower limbs

Question 11

3 structures in the shoulder?

Answer 11

clavicle
humerus
scapula

Question 12

3 bones in hip

Answer 12

illeum
ischium
pubis

Question 13

5 bone shapes

Answer 13

irregular
sesamoid
flat
short
long

Question 14

in joints what are structural and functional classification?

Answer 14

structural= types of CT
functional= degree of movement

Question 15

what are the 3 joints in structural classifications and what are their degree movements?

Answer 15

fibrous= allows no movement
cartilage= allows some movement
synovial= freely moveable

Question 16

give an example of each joint

Answer 16

fibrous= skull= suture joint
cartilage= pubic symphysis
synovial= leg, arm,hip joints

Question 17

features of muscle cells

Answer 17

• branched=communication
• attach to each other with intercalated discs that have gap jusnctions= for depolarisation and contraction of heart

Question 18

where in the muscle tissue does contraction occur and which 2 filaments are used

Answer 18

sarcomere

thin filaments (actin) and thick filament(myosin) slide pass each other

Question 19

explain the muscle contraction cycle

Answer 19

1. myosin head hydrolyse ATP and gets energy
2. binds to actin and forms cross bridges
3. myosin bridges rotate towards the centre of the sarcomere
4. as myosin head binds to ATP the cross bridges detach from actin