Skill Lesson Reviews Flashcards by L Garcia

Disorders of the heart that are present at birth are

congenital heart defects

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Congenital heart defects

Mostly caused by abnormal heart development prior to birth (in utero)
-Often require surgery

Signs and symptoms:
-Heart murmur
-Cyanosis

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Cyanosis is

appearance of blue skin caused by lack of oxygen

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ASD

Atrial Septal Defect

A congenital heart defect

Hole in septum between right and left atria
-small holes may not produce symptoms and can close on their own
-large holes produce a heart murmur and require surgery

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VSD

Ventricular Septal Defect

Congenital heart defect
Hole in septum between right and left ventricles
Small holes create a heart murmur
Large holes do not produce a heart murmur, require surgery, and heart failure may occur if not corrected

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Tetralogy of Fallot

Complex congenital heart defect.
-Ventricular Septal Defect
-Stenosis (narrowing) of pulmonary valve
-Hypertrophy of right ventricle
-Overriding Aorta

Without Surgical Correction:
-development of cyanosis
-stunted growth
-heart failure

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Coarctation of the Aorta

-Congenital defect
-Narrowing of the thoracic aorta
-Causes pressure in the aorta (leads to insufficient blood flow to abdominal organs and lower limbs)
-Corrected surgically

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Bradycardia is

a slower than normal heart rate

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If the heartbeat is below 60 beats per minute, it is called

bradycardia

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A slow heartbeat can be normal for some people and abnormal for others. It is dependent on

age and physical condition

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Sinus bradycardia displays a

normal rhythm on the electrocardiogram

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A heart rate over 100 beats per minute is considered

tachycardia

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Tachycardia is a concern depending on

the situation

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Sinus tachycardia is

tachycardia occurring for normal reasons (example, exercise) and displays a normal rhythm

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Ventricular tachycardia

is an abnormal heart rhythm

occurs when the lower chambers of the heart, or ventricles, beat too fast

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The most serious abnormal heart rhythm is called

ventricular fibrillation

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Also referred to as V-fib or VF, ventricular fibrillation occurs when

the ventricles quiver instead of beat. This is caused by disorganized electrical activity of the heart, which is displayed on the electrocardiogram

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Atrial fibrillation (A-FIB or AF) occurs when

the upper chambers of the heart quiver instead of beat and is due to disorganized electrical activity. It increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, and other heart-related complications

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Blood consists of

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma

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Red blood cells are known as

Erythrocytes (Erythr/o - red ; -cytes - cells)

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White blood cells are known as

Leukocytes
(Leuk/o- white ; -cytes - cells)

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Platelets are known as

Thrombocytes, which are clot-forming cells
(thrombo- clot ; -cytes - cells)

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Blood cells float in a liquid called

plasma

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Lymphocytes are

white blood cells of the immune system which function to keep the body healthy and fight infection and germs.

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Lymph node clusters are located throughout the body and carry

lymph fluid, which contains germ-fighting cells

Lymphatic organs are

tonsils, spleen, and thymus

Tonsils protect against germs

entering the nose and mouth

The spleen recycles and breaks apart

worn out red blood cells

The thymus is involved with the development of the

immune system

CBC is an acronym for

complete blood count

WBW

white blood count

RBC

Red blood count

Hct

hematocrit

Hgb or HB

hemoglobin

ALL

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

CLL

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

AML

Acute myeloid leukemia

CML

chronic myeloid leukemia

AIDS

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

Normal blood element values are used by physicians as a tool to evaluate a patient's health and determine if blood tests results are

too high or too low

Normal blood tests ranges are often called

reference ranges, and are used by physicians to interpret results, determine diagnosis, and make a decision for medical treatment

Cell counts for men

RBR 4.7-6.1 million Hematocrit 42-52% Hemoglobin 14-18g/dL WBW 4800-10800 Platelets 400k-450k

Cell counts for women

RBR 4.2-5.4 million Hematocrit 37-47% Hemoglobin 12-16g/dL WBW 4800-10800 Platelets 400k-450k

White blood cells contain 50-70%

Neutrophils

White blood cells contain 25-40%

Lymphocyte

White blood cells contain 3-8%

monocytes

White blood cells contain 2-4%

Eosinophil

White blood cells contain 0.5-1%

Basophil

The origin of the tissue determines each of the four types of

transplants

A transplant is

an organ, tissue, or a group of cells removed from a donor and transplanted to a recipient

An autograft is a procedure where

tissue is removed from one part of a person's body and is transferred to another part of the person's body (auto- means self)

Isograft

when tissue or an organ is transferred between identical twins (Iso- equal)

Allograft is a procedure where

an organ or tissue is transferred between two individuals (Allo - other)

Xenograft

Tissue transferred from animal to human (Xeno - foreign)

Allografts and xenografts will cause a

rejection reaction (Will be attacked by T-lymphocytes because they do not carry self-antigens; the closer the match, the less severe the rejection reaction)

The main function of the respiratory system is to

bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide

List of respiratory system structures

Nose Sinuses Larynx Trachea Lungs

Combining forms meaning lung

-pulmon/o -pneum/o -pneumon/o

pneumonectomy

excision of the lung

combining form for nose

rhin/o nas/o

word root for sinuses

sinus/o

Air enters the body through the

nose

Mucus is provided by the

sinuses

Air also enters the body through the

mouth

word roots meaning mouth

bucc/o Or/o examples: buccal and oral cavities

Pharynx

throat

The pharynx is a passageway to the

trachea

word root meaning throat

pharyng/o

the trachea is

the windpipe/tube leading to the lungs

word root for trachea

trache/o example: tracheal means pertaining to the trachea

The trachea splits into two smaller tubes called

bronchi

The bronchi split into smaller and smaller tubes called

bronchioles

word root for bronchi/bronchioles

bronchi/o bronch/o

At the end of each bronchioles are clusters of small air sacs called

alveoli

Alveoli exchanges

oxygen for carbon dioxide

word root for aveoli

alveol/o

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Cystic Fibrosis

Tuberculosis

SIDS

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PFT

pulmonary function test

Skill Lesson Reviews Flashcards

(82 cards)