Module 2 Vocab

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure of the body and its parts

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of the function of the whole body or its systems or organs

Question 3

Pathology

Answer 3

The study of disease

Question 4

Pathophysiology

Answer 4

The study of functional changes associated with disease and injury

Question 5

Etiology

Answer 5

The study of the origins and causes of diseases

Question 6

Manifestations

Answer 6

Obvious evidence or display of characteristic signs and symptoms of an illness or disorder; specific evidence that a disease is present

Question 7

Disease

Answer 7

Harmful structural or functional change to the whole body or part(s) of it

Question 8

Syndrome

Answer 8

Set of signs and symptoms occurring together as part of a specific disease

Question 9

Diagnosis

Answer 9

The act of identifying a disease or injury

Question 10

Symptom

Answer 10

Changes perceived by the patient; for example, pain or diarrhea

Question 11

Sign

Answer 11

Changes observed by a person examining a patient; for example, swelling or fever.

Question 12

Screening

Answer 12

Testing for asymptomatic or potential diseases or injuries

Question 13

Pharmacology

Answer 13

The study of sources, properties, and uses of drugs

Question 14

Drug

Answer 14

A substance used to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease or injury

Question 15

Principle of Complementarity states that

Answer 15

a) anatomy and physiology are inseparable,
b) structure reflects function, and
c) what a structure can do depends on its specific form.

Question 16

Anatomy

Answer 16

The term derives from ana- (apart) and –tomy (cutting)

Question 17

gross or
macroscopic anatomy

Answer 17

the study of structures that could be seen with the unaided eye

Question 18

microscopic anatomy

Answer 18

also known as histology, is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs. It involves examining cells, their components, and how they are arranged to form functional units.

Question 19

Surface anatomy

Answer 19

studies the surface of the body as well as structures that are visible underneath the surface, such as
the kneecaps.

Question 20

Systemic anatomy

Answer 20

subdivides the body into systems, such as the cardiovascular system (cardiovascular anatomy).

Question 21

Regional anatomy

Answer 21

describes the different structures in a certain region, such as the shoulder or hip.

Question 22

Developmental anatomy

Answer 22

looks at how our body evolved and developed over time or during our time from conception
to birth (embryology).

Question 23

Cytology

Answer 23

is the study of cells

Question 24

histology

Answer 24

is the study of tissues

Question 25

The principal tool for the study of anatomy is

Answer 25

mastery of anatomical terminology. Anatomy is a purely descriptive science.

Question 26

Physiology is the study of the function of the whole body or its systems and organs on many levels. Physiology explains

Answer 26

the what, where, when, why, and how of things happening in our body.

Question 27

The term physiology is derived from

Answer 27

physi(o)- (nature, physical) and –ology (science or study of).

Question 28

The standard anatomical position describes

Answer 28

the body in a standing upright position with the hands turned out so that the palms are facing forward.

Question 29

Body planes are

Answer 29

flat surfaces along which the body or a structure is cut for anatomical or pathological study.

Question 30

oblique section

Answer 30

Any diagonal cut, regardless of the plane it lies in

Question 31

Coronal or frontal

Answer 31

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Question 32

Transverse or horizontal

Answer 32

Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

Question 33

Sagittal

Answer 33

Divides the body into left and right portions.

Question 34

Midsagittal

Answer 34

Divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Question 35

Parasagittal

Answer 35

Divides the body into unequal left and right halves.

Question 37

Anterior (directional term)

Answer 37

Closer to the front of the body

Question 38

Cranial

Answer 38

Toward the head

Question 39

Contralateral

Answer 39

On opposite sides of the body

Question 40

Deep

Answer 40

Farther away from the surface of the body

Question 41

Distal

Answer 41

Farther away from the body's core

Question 42

Dorsal

Answer 42

Toward the back of the body

Question 43

Inferior

Answer 43

Below/lower

Question 44

Ipsilateral

Answer 44

On the same side of the body

Question 45

Lateral

Answer 45

Away from the midline of the body

Question 46

Medial

Answer 46

Toward the midline of the body

Question 47

Posterior

Answer 47

Closer to the back of the body

Question 48

Proximal

Answer 48

Nearer/closer to the body's core

Question 49

Superficial

Answer 49

Close/closer to the surface

Question 50

Superior

Answer 50

Above/higher

Question 51

Ventral

Answer 51

Toward or at the front of the body

Question 52

Abdominal

Answer 52

Relating to the abdomen

Question 53

Brachial

Answer 53

Relating to the arm

Question 54

Cardiovascular

Answer 54

Relating to the heart and circulation or blood vessels

Question 55

Cervical

Answer 55

Relating to a neck or cervix

Question 56

Cranial

Answer 56

Relating to the skull (cranium)

Question 57

Dorsal

Answer 57

Relating to the back (dorsum)

Question 58

Femoral

Answer 58

Relating to the femur

Question 59

Humeral

Answer 59

Relating to the upper arm or humerus

Question 60

Lumbar

Answer 60

Relating to the lower back/lower region of the spine

Question 61

Malleolar

Answer 61

Relating to ankle/malleolus or ankle region

Question 62

Nasal

Answer 62

Relating to the nose

Question 63

Pelvic

Answer 63

Relating to the pelvis

Question 64

Radial

Answer 64

Relating to the radius

Question 65

Spinal

Answer 65

Relating to the spine or spinal cord

Question 66

Tracheobronchial

Answer 66

Relating to the trachea and the bronchi

Question 67

Vertebral

Answer 67

Relating to a vertebra

Question 68

Pathophysiology

Answer 68

(path(o)- disease; physi(o)- nature, physical; -ology study or science of) is the study of functional changes associated with disease and injury.

Question 69

Experimental pathologists

Answer 69

focus on research and conduct experiments.

Question 70

Anatomical pathologists

Answer 70

perform autopsies and examine tissues removed during procedures (surgical pathology) and cell preparations (cytopathology).

Question 71

Clinical pathologists

Answer 71

usually practice laboratory medicine and analyze blood, urine, feces, spinal fluid, saliva, sweat and other specimens removed from patients.

Question 72

Academic pathologists

Answer 72

who engage in all three areas and in the teaching of pathology for students in the health professions.