3D Quiz Review Flashcards
Memorize the basics
1
Q
Hearing and balance are dependent on
A
the ears
2
Q
Taste buds are called
A
papillae
3
Q
Papillae contain special receptors for
A
smell and taste
4
Q
Smell, or olfaction, depends on nerve receptors in the mucous membranes of
A
the nose
5
Q
The nervous system is subdivided into
A
the central and peripheral nervous system
6
Q
CNS
A
acronym for central nervous system
7
Q
PNS
A
acronym for peripheral nervous system
8
Q
Axon terminals release chemical messengers called
A
neurotransmitters
9
Q
Axon terminals release neurotransmitters across a synapse to
A
excite or inhibit other cells
10
Q
The four regions of the brain are
A
the cerebrum
the diencephalon
the brainstem
the cerebellum
(All covered by the cortex)
11
Q
Spinal region C is
A
cervical region (neck)
12
Q
Spinal region T
A
Thoracic (upper back/ ribcage region)
13
Q
Spinal region L
A
Lumbar (lower back)
14
Q
Spinal region S
A
Sacral nerves (tailbone)
15
Q
A maze of nerves that comes together and then separates is called a
A
plexus
16
Q
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that
A
originate from the undersurface of the brain
17
Q
The outermost part of the brain is called the
A
cerebral cortex
18
Q
The cerebrum consists of two cerebral hemispheres, and each hemisphere has
A
five lobes
19
Q
The brainstem connects the cerebrum with
A
the spinal cord
20
Q
The neuron is the
A
primary nerve cell
21
Q
Sensory neurons transmit impulses about
A
sensations felt by the body.
22
Q
Sensory neurons are also called
A
afferent neurons
23
Q
Cardiac muscle is only found in
A
the heart
24
Q
Muscles are excitable, which means
A
they receive stimuli from nerves and respond by contracting.
25
Ligaments attach
bone to bone
26
Isotonic contraction is when
the muscle lengthens and retains tension throughout the exercise.
27
Aerobic respiration produces ATP by...
glycolysis (or breaking down fat or proteins, in the presence of oxygen).
28
Supination
is the act of turning the palm upward
29
Pronation
is the act of turning the palm downward.
30
The pectoralis muscles are found
on each side of the upper chest.
31
The triceps brachii is
a three-part muscle found on the back of the arm and works opposite the biceps brachii muscle.
32
Most facial muscles attach to the
skin
33
The human body has three types of muscle tissue
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
34
muscle cells are called
muscle fibers (because they are long and thin)
35
Muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs, where one contracts and the other
relaxes
36
The skeletal system protects and supports
the brain, spinal cord, and internal organs
37
Irregular bones have various irregular shapes, such as the
vertebrae (bones of the spine)
38
The marrow cavity is
the hollow space inside a bone
39
Consisting of 26 bones
the spine, or vertebral column, forms the backbone of the body.
40
The cranium
encloses the brain
41
The 12 pairs of ribs include seven pairs of true ribs, which attach directly to the
sternum
42
The bones of the upper limb include the shoulder girdle. This area consists of the
clavicle (collarbones) and the scapulae (shoulder blades)
43
There are five bones in the hands called
metacarpals
44
The five metatarsal bones form
the part of the foot where the toes are attached.
45
By far, the most common type of arthritis is
osteoarthritis
46
Gout is a disorder caused by the deposition of a waste product called
uric acid in the joints, which causes gouty arthritis.
47
A partial dislocation of a joint is called
a subluxation.
48
Osteoporosis is a marked loss of
bone density (that is frequently associated with aging).
49
Osteomyelitis is the term for infection that spreads to the
bone marrow
50
Scoliosis is an abnormal sideways curvature of
the spine
51
the skeletal system is divided into the
axial and appendicular skeleton
52
There are five different types of bones, classified by
shape
53
The marrow is surrounded by compact bone and spongy bone, also called
cancellous bone
54
Lymph nodes help the body
fight infection
55
a combining form for lung is
pneum/o
56
206 bones in the body make up
the skeletal system
57
The frontal plane divides the body into
anterior and posterior sections
58
superior means
upper
59
inferior means
lower
60
The body is divided into right and left sections with a
sagittal plane
61
The plasma or cell membrane is the
outer layer if the cell
62
Almost all cells have a nucleus except for
mature red blood cells
63
There are three types of
muscle tissue
64
Cells
consist of an outer membrane, cytoplasm inside, a nucleus, and other organelles.
65
The four basic types of normal tissue are
epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous
66
The nucleus contains
the DNA of the cell
67
The skin and accessory structures within it form the
integumentary system
68
There are three types of muscle cells
Cardiac
skeletal
smooth
69
Endocrine glands secrete hormones into
the bloodstream
70
The cranial cavity
houses the brain
71
The spinal cavity
encases the spinal cord
72
The pelvic cavity
houses the urinary bladder and reproductive organs.
73
The abdominopelvic area may be divided into
four equal quadrants
74
When there is not enough oxygen in the blood
hypoxemia occurs
75
Peripheral artery disease results from
impaired blood flow by a narrowing of arteries in the legs, arms, neck, and even internal organs.
76
High altitude sickness is due to travel from near sea level to altitudes over
8000 feet
77
Dehydration occurs when the body loses too much
water
78
A body temperature below normal is called
hypothermia
79
Fever, or hyperthermia, is an increase in
the normal body temperature of 98.6°F.
80
The bones, joints, cartilage and ligaments make up the
skeletal system
81
The brain, spinal cord, and all the nerves of the body make up the
nervous system
82
The digestive system
ingests, digests, absorbs, and then discharges waste.
83
The skin is composed of three distinct layers:
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (also called subcutaneous tissue)
84
The epidermis
is the outermost skin layer and is made up of squamous epithelial cells.
85
Hair is made of hard
keratin (and functions to alert the body to insects on the skin)
86
The rule of nines is used to estimate the amount of fluid loss from a
burn
87
Eyelids
called palpebrae, protect the eye anteriorly.
88
The lacrimal glands produce
tears
89
The innermost sensory layer of the eye is the
retina
90
The external auditory canal
transmits sound waves from the pinna to the tympanic membrane.
91
The first ear bone is called
the malleus (or hammer)
92
Second ear bone
incus (or anvil)
93
Third ear bone
the stapes.
94
The external auditory canal is lined with hairs and glands that produce
earwax (or cerumen)
95
Eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes, and conjunctiva help
protect the eye
96
The middle ear, or tympanic cavity, has three small bones called
ossicles
97
The ossicle bones:
These are the malleus, or hammer; the incus, or anvil; and the stapes.
98
A sensory receptor responds when activated, and an electric signal is generated and travels through
nerve fibers to the CNS to be analyzed.
99
The wall of the heart has
three layers
100
The heart consists of four chambers:
two atria and two ventricles
101
The tricuspid valve is between
the right atrium and ventricle.
