Module 10 Flashcards
1
Q
Pituitary Gland
A
Secretes hormones that control the activities of other endocrine glands
2
Q
Pineal gland
A
Influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle
3
Q
Thyroid gland
A
Regulates the body’s metabolism
4
Q
Parathyroid glands
A
Regulate calcium levels in the body
5
Q
Pancreas
A
Controls blood sugar levels in the body
6
Q
Adrenal glands
A
Control salt levels, glucose metabolism, and androgen levels in the body
7
Q
Gonads (overies/testes)
A
Control development and maintenance of sex characteristics and sexual behavior
8
Q
Hypothalamus
A
Controls the pituitary
9
Q
Adeno(o)-
A
Gland
10
Q
Adrenal(o)-
A
Adrenal gland
11
Q
Andr(o)-
A
male
12
Q
cortic(o)-
A
cortex
13
Q
crin(o)-
-crine
A
secrete
14
Q
estr(o)-
A
female
15
Q
gluc(o)-
glyc(o)-
A
sugar, glucose
16
Q
gonad(o)-
A
sex gland
17
Q
hormon(o)-
A
hormone
18
Q
pancreat(o)-
A
pancreas
19
Q
parathyoid(o)-
A
parathyroid gland
20
Q
pineal(o)-
A
pineal gland
21
Q
pituitar(o)-
pituit(o)-
A
pituitary gland
22
Q
thym(o)-
A
thymus
23
Q
thyr(o)-
thyroid(o)-
A
thyroid gland
24
Q
ACTH
A
adrenocorticotropic hormone
25
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
26
AP
anterior pituitary
27
CRH
corticotropin-releasing hormone
28
DI
diabetes insipidus
29
DM
diabetes mellitus
30
DR, DRP
diabetic retinopathy
31
Epi
epinephrine
32
FBS
fasting blood sugar
33
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
34
GD
Graves' disease
35
GH
Growth hormone
36
GnRH
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
37
HG
hypoglycemia
38
IGF
insulin-like growth factor
39
LEP, LPT
leptin
40
LH
luteinizing hormone
41
NE
norepinephrine
42
PC, PCC, Pheo
pheochromocytoma
43
PP
posterior pituitary
44
PRL
Prolactin
45
PTH
parathyroid hormone
46
T
3
triiodothyronine
47
T
4
tetraiodothyronine, thyroxin
48
TH
thyroid hormone
49
TRH
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
50
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone
51
The endocrine system is complex and regulates various reactions in the body through
hormones
52
Hormones are
chemicals released directly into the blood that have an effect on target organs
53
The target organ has cells with a
receptor
(receptors are specific for a particular hormone)
54
Because hormone-secreting glands release hormones inside the body, they are called
endocrine glands
55
Glands that secrete via a duct onto surfaces on the outside or the inside of the body are called
exocrine glands
56
Hormones help to keep our body in
homeostasis
57
List the major glands of the endocrine system
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland (anterior and posterior lobe)
Pineal gland
Thyriod gland
parathyroid glands
Thymus
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
Gonads- ovaries/testes
58
Aldosterone
Adrenal cortex; regulates salt an water balance
59
Androgens
Adrenal cortex; both males and females: influences sex drive and sex characteristics
60
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Pituitary (anterior pituitary); stimulates cortisol secretion
61
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Pituitary (posterior pituitary); Retains water in the body
62
Calcitonin
Thyroid gland; decreases level of calcium in blood
63
Cortisol
Adrenal Cortex; regulates metabolism of nutrients, has anti-inflammatory effects, and depresses immune responses
64
Epinephrine (Epi) and
Norepinephrine (NE)
Adrenal medulla; Fight or flight: increases stress response
65
Estrogen
Ovaries; regulates menstrual cycle
66
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Pituitary (anterior pituitary);
females: secretion of estrogens in the ovaries
males: production of sperm in the testes
67
Glucagon
Pancreas; increases blood glucose
68
Growth hormone (GH)
Pituitary (anterior pituitary); promotes growth of bone and muscle
69
Insulin
pancreas; lowers blood glucose
70
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Pituitary (anterior pituitary);
females: causes release of egg each month from ovary
males: stimulates testosterone secretion
71
Melatonin
Pineal gland; sets the body's biological, 24-hour clock
72
Oxytocin
Pituitary (posterior pituitary); Uterine contractions during birth, release of milk from mammary glands
73
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid glands; increases level of calcium in blood
74
Progesterone
Ovaries; prepares uterus for pregnancy
75
Prolactin (PRL)
Pituitary (anterior pituitary); production of milk in the mammary glands
76
Testosterone
testes; Maintains male sex characteristics: regulates production of sperm
77
Thymosin
Thymus; stimulates maturation of T cells for the immune system
78
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Pituitary (anterior pituitary); Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland
79
Thyroid hormones: Thyroxine (T4)
and Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroid gland; Regulates metabolism
80
The pituitary gland is
a pea-sized gland that hangs off of the base of the brain.
primary function of the pituitary is to
secrete hormones that control the activity of other endocrine glands
the pituitary itself is controlled via regulating
hormones of the hypothalamus, which is part of the brain.
81
anterior pituitary (or lobe) secretes hormones in response to
stimuli that it receives from the hypothalamus.
These hormones either control other endocrine glands (such as thyroid stimulating hormone) or act directly on specific
tissues or organs (such as growth hormone).
82
The posterior pituitary (or lobe) secretes two hormones, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin, in response to
events in the body. Both hormones are produced in the hypothalamus and travel in nerve fibers down to the posterior
pituitary for storage and release.
83
The pineal gland or pineal body is a tiny gland
located deep in the brain
84
The major hormone released by the pineal gland is
melatonin
85
Melatonin influences our
circadian rhythms and one of the factors that determine the onset of puberty and sexual maturation
86
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located on
the front of the neck
87
The thyroid gland releases hormones to control
metabolism (meaning the way in which the body uses energy)
The thyroid gland also influences essential functions in the
body that relate to metabolism, such as body temperature, body weight, and heart rate, as well as the normal growth and
function of the nervous system.
88
Thyroid hormones are specifically known as
Thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine (T4)
and
Triiodothyronine (T3)
89
Thyroxine
is often referred to as T4 because it contains four iodine molecules; triiodothyronine is referred to as T3,
because it is synthesized with three iodine molecules only. They both have the same effects on our body cells; although, T3
is ten times more active, which is why most tissues convert T4 into T3.
90
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
from the anterior pituitary influences the rate of release of thyroid hormones (T3 and
T4) from the thyroid gland so a pituitary pathology may occasionally cause an abnormal release of thyroid hormone.
91
Parathyroid glands
4 rice-sized parathyroid glands located in the back of the thyroid gland
Release parathyroid hormone (PTH) to regulate calcium levels in the blood (increases calcium levels by breaking down our calcium rich bones)
92
pancreas
a feather-shaped gland located in the middle part of the abdomen behind the stomach
a mixed endocrine-exocrine gland
93
adrenal glands
also known as suprarenal glands, are triangular-shaped glands that sit above the kidneys. There are
two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney. Each gland has an outer portion, the adrenal cortex, and a center portion,
the adrenal medulla.
94
The outer adrenal cortex secretes three hormones:
Aldosterone
cortisol
androgens
95
the inner adrenal medulla secretes two hormones:
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
96
Adolsterone
controls salt levels
97
The acronym ATCH stands for
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
98
Sugar [glucos(o)-] in the urine [-uria]
glucosuria
99
In type I diabetes mellitus, patients
have little or no insulin
100
The endocrine glands that control development and maintenance of sex characteristics are called
gonads
101
Which hormone regulates the menstrual cycle and is important in development and maintenance of all female characteristics?
estrogen
102
What hormone regulates metablism?
Thyroid hormone
103
Signs of diabetes mellitus
polyuria
polyphagia
polydispia
104
a function of oxytocin?
stimulates uterine contractions
105
What hormone lowers blood glucose?
Insulin
106
Exophthalmos, an abnormal bulging of the eyeballs, can be found in
Graves' disease
107
In type II diabetes, the body
does not react to insulin
108
Surgical removal [-ectomy] of adrenal glands [adrenal(o)-]
Adrenalectomy
109
An enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from a deficiency of iodine is called
Goiter
110
A condition [-ism] with excessive [hyper-] activity of the pituitary [pituitary(o)-]
Hyperpituitarism
111
Acromegaly
a rare, slowly progressive disorder in adults caused by excessive growth hormone production, typically by a pituitary adenoma, leading to enlarged extremities, face, and internal organs.
The most common signs include enlargement of the hands, feet, and face, with gradual changes often occurring over years.
112
Which hormone regulates milk production in the breast?
prolactin
113
Male
andr(o)-
114
Gland
aden(o)-
115
Sugar
gluc(o)-
116
Epinephrine
released in response to stress
117
Polyphagia
excessive eating/hunger
118
Melatonin
Sets our body clock
