Module 2 AI cards Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
What is Anatomy?
A
The study of the structure of the body and its parts.
2
Q
What is Physiology?
A
The study of the function of the whole body or its systems or organs.
3
Q
What is Pathology?
A
The study of disease.
4
Q
What is Pathophysiology?
A
The study of functional changes associated with disease and injury.
5
Q
What does Etiology study?
A
The origins and causes of diseases.
6
Q
Define Manifestation in a medical context.
A
Obvious evidence or display of characteristic signs and symptoms of an illness or disorder.
7
Q
What is a Disease?
A
Harmful structural or functional change to the whole body or part(s) of it.
8
Q
What is a Syndrome?
A
Set of signs and symptoms occurring together as part of a specific disease.
9
Q
What is a Diagnosis?
A
The act of identifying a disease or injury.
10
Q
Define Symptom.
A
Changes perceived by the patient; for example, pain or diarrhea.
11
Q
Define Sign.
A
Changes observed by a person examining a patient; for example, swelling or fever.
12
Q
What is Screening?
A
Testing for asymptomatic or potential diseases or injuries.
13
Q
What is Pharmacology?
A
The study of sources, properties, and uses of drugs.
14
Q
What is a Drug?
A
A substance used to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease or injury.
15
Q
What does the combining form ‘alg(o)-‘ mean?
A
Pain.
16
Q
What does the combining form ‘carcin(o)-‘ refer to?
A
Cancer.
17
Q
What does ‘dys-‘ signify in medical terminology?
A
Bad, disordered, painful.
18
Q
What is the meaning of ‘ect(o)-‘?
A
Outside.
19
Q
What does ‘-ectomy’ denote?
A
Surgical removal, excision, cutting out.
20
Q
What is Cytology?
A
The study of cells.
21
Q
What is Histology?
A
The study of tissues.
22
Q
What is the Principle of Complementarity?
A
Anatomy and physiology are inseparable, structure reflects function, and what a structure can do depends on its specific form.
23
Q
What is the Standard Anatomical Position?
A
The body in a standing upright position with the hands turned out so that the palms are facing forward.
24
Q
What does the Coronal or Frontal Plane do?
A
Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
25
What does the Transverse or Horizontal Plane do?
Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.
26
Define the Sagittal Plane.
Divides the body into left and right portions.
27
What is the Midsagittal Plane?
Divides the body into equal left and right halves.
28
What is the Parasagittal Plane?
Divides the body into unequal left and right halves.
29
What does the term 'anterior' mean?
Closer to the front of the body.
30
What does 'inferior' refer to?
Below, lower.
31
What does the term 'ipsilateral' mean?
On the same side of the body.
32
Define 'dorsal'.
Toward the back of the body.
33
What is Pathology?
The study of disease and its diagnosis.
34
What is the definition of Disease?
A harmful structural or functional change that is not caused by a physical injury.
35
What is the difference between localized and generalized disease?
Localized disease affects part of the body, while generalized disease affects all of the body.
36
What does acute disease mean?
A disease that occurs suddenly.
37
What does chronic disease mean?
A disease that takes a prolonged course.
38
What is disease?
A harmful structural or functional change not caused by a physical injury
39
What are the two types of disease based on onset?
* Acute disease
* Chronic disease
40
What is the difference between symptoms and signs?
Symptoms are subjective changes perceived by the patient; signs are objective physical changes recorded during an examination
41
What is a syndrome?
A set of signs and symptoms occurring together as part of a specific disease
42
What are symptomatic diseases?
Diseases usually diagnosed when the patient seeks help due to perceived symptoms
43
What are asymptomatic diseases?
Diseases that usually aren't accompanied by physical signs and symptoms or develop visible signs late
44
What is a potential disease?
A disease that can develop due to genetic disposition or buildup of risk factors
45
What defines structural diseases?
Diseases characterized by structural changes to organs or tissues, known as lesions
46
What are the three major categories of structural diseases?
* Genetic and developmental diseases
* Hyperplasia and neoplasms
* Injuries and inflammatory diseases
47
What is necrosis?
Tissue death caused by damage
48
What differentiates functional diseases from structural diseases?
Functional diseases have no apparent lesions, although lesions may develop later
49
What are exogenous causes of disease?
Disease-causing agents that act from the outside, such as pathogens and trauma
50
What are endogenous causes of disease?
Causes arising from within the body, such as genetic disorders or reactions to external factors
51
What is the first step in diagnosing symptomatic diseases?
Taking the history of the patient from either the patient or family/friends
52
What is the purpose of screening for diseases?
To identify people at risk, catch diseases early, and diagnose asymptomatic diseases
53
What is the difference between tests and procedures in diagnostics?
Tests analyze specimens; procedures involve manipulation of the patient
54
What are some examples of imaging procedures?
* X-rays
* CT
* MRI
* Ultrasound
* PET
55
What is endoscopy?
A procedure using flexible or rigid tubes with a light source to inspect body cavities
56
What is preventive treatment?
Treatment aimed at preventing illnesses from developing
57
What is abortive therapy?
Therapy intended to stop the further progress of a disease
58
What is curative therapy?
Therapy intended to cure the root cause of a disease
59
Fill in the blank: The term ________ refers to overall medical and nursing care given to a patient.
therapy
60
True or False: Chronic disorders can often be completely cured.
False
61
What does outpatient care refer to?
Care provided to patients who are able to walk in on their own (ambulatory)
## Footnote
Outpatient care typically does not require an overnight stay at a medical facility.
62
What is pharmacotherapy?
Treatment by means of drugs, such as antibiotics, pain killers, or anti-inflammatory drugs
## Footnote
Pharmacotherapy is a key component in treating various medical conditions.
63
Define combination therapy.
Use of multiple therapies or drugs at the same time
## Footnote
An example is combination chemotherapy for cancer treatment.
64
What is curative therapy?
Therapy intended to cure the root cause of a disease
## Footnote
This type of therapy aims for complete recovery.
65
What does plastic surgery involve?
Surgery to reconstruct or repair parts after injury; often associated with cosmetic surgery
## Footnote
Plastic surgery can enhance or restore the appearance of a body part.
66
What is the role of primary care?
General care that includes referred providers from different medical fields
## Footnote
Primary care serves as the first point of contact for patients.
67
What is secondary care?
Care provided by medical specialists and other health professionals who generally do not have first contact with patients
## Footnote
Secondary care often requires a referral from a primary care provider.
68
What is second-line therapy?
Therapy used if first-line therapy fails or produces side effects
## Footnote
Second-line therapy is crucial for managing treatment-resistant conditions.
69
What is supportive therapy?
Treatment that does not treat or improve the underlying condition but increases the patient's comfort
## Footnote
Often used in palliative care for patients with incurable diseases.
70
What does tertiary care refer to?
Specialized care, usually provided to hospitalized patients
## Footnote
Tertiary care involves advanced medical interventions.
71
What is pharmacology?
The science of the nature, uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs
## Footnote
Pharmacology encompasses how drugs diagnose, treat, or prevent disease.
72
List the four different names drugs can have.
* Generic name
* Trade name
* Chemical name
* Official name
## Footnote
Each name serves a different purpose in the medical and pharmaceutical fields.
73
What is buccal administration?
The medication is applied to the cheek (buccal) area of the mouth
## Footnote
This method allows for absorption through the mucous membranes.
74
What is sublingual administration?
Placement of medications under the tongue
## Footnote
This method allows for rapid absorption into the bloodstream.
75
What does inhalation refer to in drug administration?
Breathing in of vapors, steam, or gases through mouth or nose
## Footnote
Inhalation is commonly used for respiratory medications.
76
What is rectal administration?
Insertion of the medication as liquid (enema) or suppository into the rectum
## Footnote
This method is often used for patients who cannot take medications orally.
77
What is topical application?
Liquid, cream, or ointment is applied onto the area of skin or mucous membrane to be treated
## Footnote
This method targets local areas of the body.
78
What is transdermal administration?
The medication is part of a patch that is applied onto unbroken skin
## Footnote
Transdermal patches provide a controlled release of medication.
79
What is parenteral administration?
Any administration that does not involve the digestive tract
## Footnote
This includes methods like injections.
80
What are analgesics used for?
Lessen pain
## Footnote
Analgesics can be over-the-counter or prescription medications.
81
What is the action of antibiotics?
Destroy or inhibit bacterial growth
## Footnote
Antibiotics are crucial in treating bacterial infections.
82
What do anticoagulants do?
Prevent the formation of blood clots; decrease the formation of existing clots
## Footnote
Anticoagulants are essential in managing conditions like atrial fibrillation.
83
What is the purpose of antihistamines?
Relieve symptoms of allergies like sneezing, itchy and watery eyes, and a runny nose
## Footnote
Antihistamines can also relieve itchiness caused by insect bites.
