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MD1 Neuroscience > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Is the skull made of one bone?

A

No, separate bones

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2
Q

What is the skull divided into?

A

Cranium

Face

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3
Q

From what are the facial bones suspended?

A

Front of cranial bones

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4
Q

What does the facial skeleton form?

A

Orbits
Nasal cavity
Lower jaw

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5
Q

What are the two parts of the cranium?

A 
Upper = vault
Lower = floor/base of skull
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6
Q

What does the vault contain?

A

Brain
Meninges
Cranial nerves and vessels

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7
Q

Describe the bone composition of the vault

A

External and internal table of compact bone

In between is layer of spongy bone = diploe

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8
Q

How are separate bones united in the skull?

A

United at series of immobile joints called sutures

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9
Q

What is the coronal suture?

A

In the coronal plane

Frontal bone anteriorly unites with parietal bones behind

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10
Q

What is the sagittal suture?

A

In the sagittal plane

Right and left parietal bones unite

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11
Q

What is the lambdoid suture?

A

In the coronal plane

Parietal bones unite with occipital bone

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12
Q

What is the pterion?

A

H shaped suture where four cranial bones meet

Bones particularly thin here

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13
Q

What are the four cranial bones that unite at the pterion?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Sphenoid
Temporal

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14
Q

What is directly deep to the pterion?

A

Middle meningeal artery

Grooves internal aspect of pterion

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15
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery supply?

A

Meninges and cranial bones

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16
Q

What are the two parts of the frontal bone?

A

Vertical part forms forehead

Horizontal/orbital plate forms roof of orbit

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17
Q

At what point does the front bone turn 90 degrees?

A

At supraorbital margin

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18
Q

Describe the parietal bones

A

Flat
Relatively rectangular
Molded to brain contour

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19
Q

Describe the occipital bone

A

Flat

Molded to shape of brain posteriorly

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20
Q

What is the midline project of the occipital bone called?

A

External occipital protuberance

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21
Q

Describe the squamous part of the temporal bone

A

Flat

Molded to lateral aspect of brain

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22
Q

What are the four processes of the temporal bone?

A

Zygomatic
Styloid
Mastoid
Petrous

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23
Q

Describe the zygomatic process

A

Extends anteriorly
Articulates with zygoma
Creates zygomatic arch

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24
Q

What is the zygoma?

A

Cheek bone

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25
Describe the styloid process
``` Sharp spike of bone Extends inferiorly Deeply placed Gives attachment to muscles with stylo in their names - midline structures - Muscles of tongue - Muscles of pharynx ```
26
Describe the mastoid process
Extends posteroinferiorly Thick, chunky, and superficially placed Gives attachment to sternoclydomastoid muscle and others Full of mastoid air cells
27
Describe the petrous process
Internal Thick pyramidal shape Projects inwards to cranial vault Forms part of cranial floor
28
Describe the sphenoid bone
``` Like bat with outstretched wings In middle of floor Made of three parts - Body - Lesser wing - Greater wing - Two small legs ```
29
Describe the body of the sphenoid bone
Not solid piece of bone | Pituitary gland sits in cavity
30
Describe the wings of the sphenoid bone
Flip out and up Flipped up part form small part of lateral aspect of cranium Part of pterion
31
What is the slit between the two wings of the sphenoid bone?
Superior orbital fissure
32
What does the superior orbital fissure do?
Separates wing into small anterosuperior part = lesser wing, and large posteroinferior part = greater wing
33
What are the two legs of the sphenoid bone called?
Pterygoid plates
34
Are the pterygoid plates part of the cranial floor?
No
35
Generally describe the inferior aspect of the brain
Not flat | Step appearance
36
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
37
Where do the cranial nerves emerge from?
Inferior aspect of brain
38
Is the cranial floor flat?
No, it's stepped
39
Why are there holes in the cranial floor?
To allow exit of cranial nerves
40
How are the fossae of the cranial floor arranged?
In stepwise configuration
41
What does the anterior cranial fossa support?
Frontal lobes
42
Where does the anterior cranial fossa sit?
Above and in front of middle cranial fossa
43
What does the middle cranial fossa support?
Temporal lobes
44
Where does the middle cranial fossa sit?
Behind and below anterior cranial fossa
45
What does the posterior cranial fossa support?
Brain stem | Cerebellum
46
Where does the posterior cranial fossa sit?
Behind and below middle cranial fossa
47
Which bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?
Horizontal plates of frontal bone Lesser wing of sphenoid bone forms edge before step down Very superior aspect of ethmoid bone
48
Where is the ethmoid bone?
Between eyes | Just above nose
49
What is the vertical plate of the ethmoid bone called?
Cristagalli
50
What are the holes on either side of the cristagalli in the ethmoid bone called?
Cribiform plate
51
Which bones make up the middle cranial fossa?
Greater wing of sphenoid anteriorly | Petrous part of temporal bone inferiorly = edge
52
Which bone makes up the posterior cranial fossa?
Occipital bone
53
What are the foramenae in the anterior cranial fossa?
Cribiform plate
54
What are the foramenae in the middle cranial fossa?
``` Hypophysial fossa Optic canal Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum ```
55
What are the foramenae in the posterior cranial fossa?
Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Hypoglossal canal Foramen magnum
56
What structure goes through the cribiform plate?
Olfactory nerve
57
What structure goes through the hypophysial fossa?
Pituitary gland
58
What structures go through the optic canal?
Optic nerve | Ophthalmic nerve
59
What structures go through the superior orbital fissure?
Nerve to extraocular muscles | Branches of trigeminal nerve
60
What structure goes through the foramen rotundum?
Maxillary nerve
61
What structure goes through the foramen ovale?
Mandibular nerve
62
What structure goes through the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
63
What structures go through the internal acoustic meatus?
Facial nerve | Vestibulocochlear nerve
64
What structures go through the jugular foramen?
Cranial nerve IX Cranial nerve X Cranial nerve XI Internal jugular vein
65
What structure goes through the hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal nerve
66
How are the foramenae of the middle cranial fossa arranged?
Crescent on each side of body of sphenoid Superior orbital fissure forms proximal half of crescent In second part of crescent - Round = foramen rotundum - Oval = foramen ovale - Little = foramen spinosum
67
How are the foramenae of the posterior middle cranial fossa arranged?
Vertical line Internal auditory meatus in step down to posterior cranial fossa in petrous part of temporal bone Jugular foramen in gap between petrous part of temporal bone and occipital bone Hypoglossal canal related to foramen magnum

MD1 Neuroscience (55 decks)

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