Flashcards in Social processes, attitudes and behaviors Deck (58)
Loading flashcards...
1
Social Facilitation
when people perform better on simple tasks in the presence of others
2
Yorkes - Dodson law of social facilitation
being in the presence of others will significantly raise arousal, which enhances the ability to perform tasks one is already good at (or simple tasks) and hinders the performance of less familiar tasks (or complex task)
3
Deindividuation
occurs when individuals are in a group setting
due to the presence of a large group that provides anonymity and causes a loss of individual identity.
example: in group settings, the individual loses his sense of individuality and becomes an anonymous part of a group.
He is most likely to react in a manner inconsistent with his normal self.
4
Bystander Effect
when people do not intervene to help victims when others are present.
the more people standing by, the less likely any one of those people is to help.
5
Social Loafing
the tendency of individuals to put in less effort when in a group setting than individually.
6
Peer pressure
the social influence placed on individuals by other they consider equals (peers)
7
identity shift effect
explains the peer pressure phenomenon
conforming to the norm of the group for acceptance
highlights the cognitive dissonance
8
cognitive dissonance
the simultaneous presence of two opposing thoughts or opinions.
this lead stop an internal state of discomfort which may manifest anxiety, fear, anger or confusion.
9
social interaction
explores the ways in which two or more individuals can both shape each others behavior.
10
group polarization
describes the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual ideas and inclinations of the members within the group.
can lead to a riskier and more cautious decision
Similar to choice shift
11
risky shift
term to describe that group stand to make riskier decisions than individuals alone.
when these group shift toward caution the term used is CHOICE SHIFT
12
Groupthink
a social phenomenon in which desire for harmony or conformity results in a group of people coming to an incorrect or poor decision
13
illusion of invulnerability
(factor that indicates groupthink)
the creation of optimism and encouragement of risk - taking
14
collective rationalization
(factor that indicates groupthink)
ignoring warnings against the idea of the group
15
illusion of morality
(factor that indicates groupthink)
the belief that the groups decisions are morally correct
16
pressure for conformity
(factor that indicates groupthink)
the pressure put on anyone in the group who expresses opinions against the group, viewing the opposition as disloyal
17
self - censorship
(factor that indicates groupthink)
the withholding of opposing views
18
illusion of unanimity
(factor that indicates groupthink)
the false sense of agreement within the group
19
mindguards
(factor that indicates groupthink)
the appointment of members to the role of protecting against opposing views
20
excessive stereotyping
(factor that indicates groupthink)
the construction for stereotypes against outside opinions
21
culture
the beliefs, behaviors, actions and characteristics of a group of society of people
passed down from generation to generation
22
culture shock
when traveling outside of ones own society and having the culture differences to seem dramatic
23
assimilation
when an individuals or groups behavior and culture begin to resemble that of another group.
can also mean that groups with different culture begin to merge into one
24
ethnic enclaves
assimilation is slowed down by this
locations (usually neighborhoods) with a high concentration of one specific ethnicity
25
multiculturism
communities or societies containing multiple cultures
26
subcultures
a group of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong.
27
Socialization
the process of developing and spreading norms, customs, and beliefs
28
Norms
are what determine the boundaries of acceptable behavior within society
29
Stigma
the extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society
evolves over time
family members of a murdered or rapist can be stigmatized
30
