Flashcards in Social Interaction Deck (44)
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statuses
positions in society that are used to classify individuals
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ascribed status
a status that is given involuntarily due to such factors as face, ethnicity, gender and family background.
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achieved status
a status that is gained as a result of ones efforts or choices such as being a doctor
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master status
the status by which a person is most identified
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role
each status has this
a set of beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that define expectations for those who hold the status
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role performance
the carrying out of behaviors associated with a given role.
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role partner
the person with whom one is interacting
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role set
the various roles associated with a status
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role conflict
occurs when one has difficult satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously
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role strain
difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role.
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role exit
the dropping of one identity for another
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group
consists of two or more people who share similar characteristics and a sense of unity.
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peer group
self selected group formed around similar interests, age and statuses
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family group
the group into which an individual is born, adopted married
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in-group
one with which an individual identifies
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out-group
one with which an individual competes or opposes
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reference group
a group to which an individual compares him to herself.
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primary groups
those that contain strong, emotional bonds
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secondary groups
often temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall
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Gemeinschaft (community)
a group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared believes, ancestry or geography
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Gesellschaft (society)
a group unified by mutual self-interests in achieving a goal
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Groupthink
occurs when members begin to conform to one another's views and ignore outside perspectives
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network
an observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups
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organizations
bodies of people with a structure and future designed to achieve specific goals. They exist outside of each individual's membership within the organization
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characteristic institution
basic organization of society
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bureaucracy
a rational system of political organization, administration, discipline and control
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iron law of oligarchy
states that democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group.
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McDonaldization
commonly used to refer to a shift in focus toward efficiency, predictability, calculability and control in these societies
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basic model
states that there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions which can be understood across cultures.
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social construction model
states that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions
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display rules
unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion
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cultural syndrome
shared set of beliefs, norms, values and behaviors organized around a central theme as is found among people
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impression management
refers to the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished through various strategies
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self disclosure
sharing factual information
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managing appearances
using props, appearance, emotional expression or associations to create a positive image
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ingratiation
using flattery or conformity to win over someone else
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aligning actions
the use of excuses to account for questionable behavior
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alter - casting
imposing an identity onto another person
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dramaturgical approach
says that individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in front of an audience
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front stage
where the individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his desired image
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back stage
where the individual is not in front of an audience and is free to act outside of his desired image
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verbal communication
the conveyance of information through spoken, written or signed words
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nonverbal communication
the conveyance of information by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expressions and gestures
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