Vision

Question 1

Sclera

Answer 1

The thick structural layer that covers the exposed portion of the eye (the white of the eye)

Doesn’t cover the cornea

Question 2

Choroidal vessels and retinal vessels

Answer 2

Blood vessels that supply the eye with nutrients

Question 3

Retina

Answer 3

The innermost layer of the eye - in the back of the eye

Converts incoming photons of light to electrical signals

Part of the CNS & develops as the outgrowth of brain tissue

Detects images

Question 4

Cornea

Answer 4

Where the light passes FIRST through

Gathers and focuses the incoming light

Question 5

(2) chambers th the front eye is divided into:

Answer 5

Anterior chamber

Posterior chamber

Question 6

Anterior chamber

Answer 6

Lies in front of the iris

Question 7

Posterior chamber

Answer 7

Between the iris and the lens

Question 8

Iris

Answer 8

Controls the size of the pupil

Colored part of the eye

Question 9

The iris has 2 muscles. What are they?

Answer 9

Dilator pupillae

Constrictor pupillae

Question 10

What is the function of the dilator pupillae (muscle in the Iris)?

Answer 10

Opens the pupil under sympathetic stimulation

OPENS PUPIL

Question 11

What is the function of the constrictor pupillae (muscle in the Iris)?

Answer 11

Constricts the pupil under parasympathetic stimulation

CLOSES PUPIL

Question 12

Aqueous humor

Answer 12

Produced by the ciliary body

Bathes the front part of the eye before draining into the canal of Schelemm

Question 13

Lens

Answer 13

Helps control the refraction of the incoming light

Located right behind the iris

Held in place by suspensory ligaments connected to the ciliary muscle

Question 14

As the muscle contracts, it pulls on the ..

Answer 14

Suspensory ligaments and changes the shape of the lens

Known as ACCOMODATION

Question 15

Vitreous

Answer 15

Transparent gel that supports the retina

Located behind the lens

Question 16

Retina contains:

Answer 16

Rods and cones

Question 17

Rods

Answer 17

Detect light and dark

Function best in reduced light

Can permit night vision

Question 18

Cones

Answer 18

Detects colors in 3 forms (short [blue],medium [green], and long [red] wavelengths)

Question 19

Duplicity theory of vision

Answer 19

States that the retina contains 2 kinds of photoreceptors: those specialized for light & dark detection and those specialized for color detection

Question 20

Macula

Answer 20

Has high concentration of cones

Central section of the retina

Center most point: fovea

Question 21

Fovea

Answer 21

Center most point of the macula

Contains only cones

Question 22

As you move away from the fovea…

Answer 22

Concentration of cones decease and concentration of rods increase

Question 23

Blind spot

Answer 23

Located where the optic nerve leaves the eye

There are no photoreceptors here

Question 24

How do rods and cones connect?

Answer 24

Through bipolar cells

Question 25

Bipolar cells synapse with...

Answer 25

Ganglion cells which group together to form the optic nerve

Question 26

As the number of receptors that converge through the bipolar neurons onto one ganglion cell increases ...

Answer 26

The resolution decreases

Question 27

Amacrine and horizontal cells

Answer 27

Receives input from multiple retina cells in the same area before the information is passed on to ganglion cells Important for edge detection as they increase our perception of contrast

Question 28

What is the visual pathway ? (starting from the eye)

Answer 28

Optic nerve ➡️ optic chiasm ➡️ optic tracts ➡️ lateral geniculate (LGN) of the thalamus ➡️ visual radiations ➡️ visual cortex

Question 29

Optic chiasm

Answer 29

Contains fibers crossing from the nasal side of the retina (temporal visual fields) of both sides

Question 30

Visual radiations run through ...

Answer 30

Temporal and parietal lobe

Question 31

Visual cortex is in which lobe

Answer 31

Occipital

Question 32

Parallel processing

Answer 32

The ability to simultaneously analyze and combine information regarding color, shape and motion This can be compared to our memories to determine what is being viewed Example : recognizing a moving car very easily from a distance because they are familiar with the usual motions and shapes of cars

Question 33

Parvocellular cells

Answer 33

Detect shapes With high spatial recognition and low temporal resolution

Question 34

Magnocellular cells

Answer 34

Detects motion With low spatial recognition and high temporal resolution

Question 35

Spatial resolution

Answer 35

Permit us to see very fine details when thoroughly examine an object

Question 36

Pupil

Answer 36

Allows passage of light from anterior to posterior chamber

Question 37

Ciliary body

Answer 37

produces aqueous humor, accommodation of lens

Question 38

Canal of Schlemm

Answer 38

Drains the aqueous humor

Question 39

The eye is used to detect:

Answer 39

Light in the form of photons