Stages of Anesthesia (Castillo's lecture) Flashcards
What are the four stages of anesthesia?
Stage 1- Analgesia
Stage 2 -Delirium
Stage 3 - Surgical Anesthesia
Stage 4 - Medullary paralysis (death)
S9
What reflexes are we suppressing during stage 1 anesthesia?
Coughing, swallowing, and gagging reflexes (lower airway reflexes)
S11
During induction, when would one most likely see laryngospasm?
- Stage 2
S12
During emergence, when would one most likely need to be re-intubated?
- Stage 2
S12
What are the components of General Anesthesia?
- Hypnosis
- Analgesia
- Muscle Relaxation
- Sympatholysis
- Amnesia
S8
What is Stage 1 and what is the pt. able to do?
- initiation of anesthesia to loss of conscsiousness
- lightest level of anesthesia
Patient able to:
-open their eyes on command
-breathe normally
-maintain protective reflexes
-tolerate mild stimuli
S11
What is Stage 2 and what is it characterized?
loss of consciousness to onset of automatic (voluntary) rhythmicity
characterized by excitement (undesired CV instability excitation, dysconjugate ocular movements, laryngospasm, and emesis)
Passed rapidly due to response to stimulation is exaggerated and violent
S12
What is Stage 3 and its components?
Depression in all elements of nervous system function
and
Absence of response to surgical incision
Components:
* hypnosis
* analgesia
* muscle relaxation
* sympatholysis
* amnesia
S13
What is Stage 4 and its characteristics?
with cessation of spontaneous respiration and medullary cardiac reflexes
-may lead to death
characteristics:
-all reflexes are absent
-flaccid paralysis
-hypotension with weak, irregular pulse
S14
Why are Barbituates talked about
(according to Castillo)?
- still used in other countries
- **GOLD STANDARD as comparison with other drugs **
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