steroid hormone biosynthesis Flashcards
(39 cards)
what are the 3 regions of the cortex from outside to inside
zona glomerulosa
fasciculata
reticularis
what does the glomerulosa (outside) synthesise
mineralocorticoids e.g. aldosterone
what does the fasciculata synthesise (middle bit)
glucocorticoids e.g. cortisol
what does the reticularis (inside) synthesise
androgens
where is cholesterol found
membrane lipids in order to regulate fluidity
in plasma
in cystosolic lipid droplets as cholesterol esters, mainly in steroid secreting endocrine cells
bile salts
precursor for steroid hormones
what lipids are used to transport cholesterol
apoproteins
triacylglycerols
phospholipids
inside lipoproteins
where is cholesterol synthesised
liver
-smooth endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol
what is cholesterol made from
acetyl CoA
why is cholesterol found in cell membranes
decreases fluidity
decreases permeability to charged compounds
forms lipid rafts
what is the name of the cells that produce epinephrine and norepinephrine
chromaffin cells
what gene is involved in steroid synthesis
cytochrome p450 class CYP gene aka mixed functional oxidases
what cell produces testosterone
Leydig cell in response to LH
what cell produces estradiol, growth factors, androgen binding proteins, etc
Sertoli cell in response to FSH
where are leydig and sertoli cells found
testicle
where is LH and FSH made
pituritary gland
what are the 5 classes of steroid hormone
androgens estrogens progestins mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids
what are steroid hormones made from
cyclopentano perhydro phenanthrene nucleus
what cells are found in the ovary and are responsible for oestrogen and progestin production
thecal and granulosa cells
where in the cell are sex steroids made
SER
where in the cell are non sex steroids made
mitochondria
what is the blood supply to the adrenal gland
capsular artery and medullary vein
what enzyme produces pregnenolone
20,22 desmolase (removes side chain)
how many carbons does cholesterol have
27
how many carbons do progestins have
21
