female reproductive pathology 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in female reproductive pathology 1 Deck (15)
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1
Q

when is proliferative breast disease most common

A

increases towards menopause and then decreases

2
Q

what are some types of proliferative breast disease

A

fibrosis
cysts
hyperplasia
adenosis

3
Q

who does gynaecomatstia most commonly affect

A

adolescent males and elderly males

4
Q

what causes gynaecomastia

A
estrogen
puberty 
endocrine tumours 
drugs- spironolactone, alcohol
Kleinfelter's syndrome
5
Q

name some benign breast tumours

A

fibroadenoma
duct papilloma
adenoma
connective tissue tumour

6
Q

what is a fibroadenoma

A

mixed tumour
epithelium and stroma well circumscribed
usually young women
may grow during pregnancy

7
Q

describe the epidemiology of breast carcinoma

A
20% off all cancers in women 
1% of tumours are in men 
lifetime risk is 1 in 9 
commonest cause of death of female 35-55 year olds 
commonest cancer in england and wales
8
Q

what is the most common age to be diagnosed with breast cancer

A

60-64

9
Q

what are the risk factors for breast cancer

A
alcohol
combined contraceptives 
combined HRT
ionising radiation 
fatness
smoking
10
Q

what is ductal carcinoma in situ

A

unilateral tumour confined to ducts

11
Q

what is lobar carcinoma in situ

A

bilateral tumour confined to lobules

12
Q

what is the most common invasive breast carcinoma

A

‘no special type’

13
Q

what is a less common breast cancer

A

infiltrating lobular carcinoma, may be multifocal

14
Q

what is paget’s disease of the nipple

A

erosion of the nipple resembling eczema

associated with underlying cancer

15
Q

what type of breast cancer has a better prognosis

A

estrogen receptor positive