anatomy revision

Question 1

what is the blood supply to the pancreas

Answer 1

SMA- inferior pancreaticoduodenal
splenic- greater and dorsal
gastroduodenal - superior pancreaticoduodenal

Question 2

what are the boundaries of Calot’s triangle

Answer 2

inferior border or right lobe of liver
common hepatic duct
cystic duct

Question 3

what is calot’s triangle used to locate

Answer 3

cystic artery

Question 4

where is pain referred from the gallbladder

Answer 4

epigastrium and shoulder tip via supraclavicular nerve

Question 5

what is Kocher’s manoever

Answer 5

reflecting the duodenum

Question 6

what is the autonomic supply to the hindgut

Answer 6

symp- T12

p’symp - S2-4 (not vagus)

Question 7

what is the marginal artery of drummond

Answer 7

anastomosis with the SMA and IMA

Question 8

how do nerves supplying muscles of the abdominal wall terminate

Answer 8

as cutaneous nerves

Question 9

what nerve pierces external oblique above the superficial inguinal ring

Answer 9

iliohypogastric

Question 10

which nerve emerges through the superficial inguinal ring

Answer 10

ilioinguinal

Question 11

why might iliohypogastric nerve injury cause a hernia

Answer 11

it supplies the fibres of internal obliqu and TA that form the conjoint tendon. could by caused by lateral extension of an appendectomy inscision

Question 12

what is the nerve supply of gen fem

Answer 12

L1,2

Question 13

what is the femoral nerve formed from

Answer 13

L3-4

Question 14

what is the subcostal nerve formed from

Answer 14

T12

Question 15

what is the arterial supply to the abdominal wall

Answer 15

intercostal and lumbar arteries, superior, inferior and superficial epigastrics and circumflex iliacs

Question 16

what is the superior epigastric artery a branch of

Answer 16

internal thoracic

supplies the upper
central part of the anterior
abdominal wall, and anastomoses
with the inferior epigastric artery

collateral circulation for obstructed aorta

Question 17

what is the blood supply of the upper lateral abdominal wall

Answer 17

musculophrenic artery from the internal thoracic

Question 18

what is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of

Answer 18

external iliac

it ascends behind the rectus muscle

Question 19

what is the arcuate line

Answer 19

marks the inferior limit of the posterior rectus sheath and where inferior epigastric pierces RA

Question 20

what is the deep circumflex artery a branch of

Answer 20

external iliac, just above the inguinal ligament

runs along iliac crest

Question 21

what is the superficial circumflex iliac and superficial epigastric artery a branch of

Answer 21

femoral

Question 22

what veins drain into the great saphenous vein

Answer 22

The superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac
superficial and deep external pudendal veins

important for varicose vein surgery

Question 23

what does superficial external pudendal artery supply

Answer 23

skin of penis, scrotum, labia majora and mons pubis

Question 24

what is the venous drainage of skin surrounding the umbilicus

Answer 24

femoral and external iliac veins inferiorly; and the internal thoracic and
axillary veins superiorly

also paraumbilical veins which drain to the portal vein forming a portosystemic anastomosis

Question 25

what is the lymph drainage of the abdo wall

Answer 25

posterior/ anterior axillary nodes and superficial inguinal

Question 26

what do the axillary nodes drain into

Answer 26

the subclavian lymph trunk

Question 27

what do the superficial inguinal nodes drain to

Answer 27

deep inguinal, external iliac, para aortic

Question 28

how does deep abdominal wall lymph drain

Answer 28

in parallel with the epigastrics external iliac and paraaortic parasternal and mediastinal nodes

Question 29

what is a muscle splitting loin used for

Answer 29

appendectomy

Question 30

what can cause to a femoral hernia

Answer 30

only TA and IO are attached to thoracolumbar fascia not external oblique

Question 31

Some damn englishman called it the testes

Answer 31

``` skin dartos external spermatic fascia cremasteric internal spermatic fascia tunica vaginalis tunica albuginea ```

Question 32

what is external oblique attached to

Answer 32

lower eight ribs, lateral lip of iliac crest, aponeurosis to linea alba via rectus sheath

Question 33

where is the superficial inguinal ring

Answer 33

opening in external oblique aponeurosis with base on the pubic crest

Question 34

what part of the inguinal ligament is internal oblique attached to

Answer 34

the lateral 2/3rds

Question 35

what is internal oblique attached to

Answer 35

``` thoraco lumbar fascia iliac crest inguinal ligament lower 4 ribs pubic crest behind the superficial inguinal ring via conjoint tendon linea alba via RA ```

Question 36

what is the nerve supply of internal oblique

Answer 36

T7-12 and L1

Question 37

what is transversus abdominis attached to

Answer 37

``` lateral half of inguinal ligament thoraco lumbar fascia iliac crest pubic crest behind the superficial inguinal ring via conjoint tendon linea alba via RA lower 6 ribs ```

Question 38

what are the attachments of the conjoint tendon

Answer 38

pubic crest and pectineal line | supports the inguinal ring

Question 39

what are the attachments of RA

Answer 39

``` ribs 5-7 pubic symphysis pubic crest pectineal line xiphoid ```

Question 40

where is the deep ring

Answer 40

formed from TA | lateral to inferior epigastrics

Question 41

what are the boundaries of the inguinal canal

Answer 41

Ant: external oblique, with internal oblique laterally Post: conjoint tendon medially; transversalis fascia laterally Roof: arching fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominis Floor: inrolled lower edge of inguinal ligament, strengthened medially by lacunar ligament

Question 42

where are inguinal hernias found

Answer 42

above and medial to the inguinal ligament

Question 43

what is Hesslebachs triangle

Answer 43

location of direct inguinal hernias boundaries: RA, inferior epigastrics, inguinal ligament