Structural firefighting 5.

Question 1

The ($$$$$) has compiled fire fighter fatality statistics for 30 years.

Answer 1

NFPA

Question 2

The annual fire fighter fatality report for the previous year is published each year in the ($$$$$$) edition of the NFPA journal.

Answer 2

July August

Question 3

The annual fire fighter injury report for the previous year is published in the ($$$$$$$) issue of the NFPA Journal

Answer 3

November December

Question 4

The ($$$$), ($$$$$), ($$$$$) and others publish fire investigative reports analyzing individual fires that resulted in fire fighter fatalities.

Answer 4

NFPA
NIOSH
USFA

Question 5

In 1987, the first edition of ($$$$$$) was adopted with subsequent revisions every 5 years

Answer 5

NFPA 15000

Question 6

($$$$$$) provides the requirements for safety measure to be taken at the incident scene. These measures represent the absolute minimum.

Answer 6

NFPA 1500

Question 7

The trend in fire fighter fatalities has ($$$$$) since 1999

Answer 7

Improved

Question 8

Most fire fighters die in ($$$$$) because most structure fires occur in ($$$$$) occupancies.

Answer 8

Residential

Residential

Question 9

In 2005, ($$$$) of all structure fires occurred in residential property ($$$$$$$) total structure fires.

Answer 9

78%

396000 of 511000

Question 10

The risk of a fire fighter being killed is ($$$$$) in a manufacturing occupancy than a residence.

Answer 10

Twice

Question 11

The comparable risk (RESIDENTIAL)is in the range of ($$$$) for store office public assembly and vacant special

Answer 11

3:1

Question 12

Sudden cardiac deaths are responsible for nearly ($$$$) of all fire fighter on duty deaths.

Answer 12

Half

Question 13

When fire ground statistics are analyzed, cardiac deaths remain the most common cause of fire fighter injuries at structure fires, with ($$$$$$) second, followed by crushing injuries and burns.

Answer 13

Asphyxiation

Question 14

Fie fighter deaths by type of duty

Answer 14

Operating at the fire ground 38%
Responding to or returning from alarms 26%
Training 10%
Non fire emergencies 8%
Other on duty 16%

Question 15

Fire fighter deaths by nature of injury

Answer 15

Sudden cardiac death 42%
Internal trauma 27%
Crushing 6%
Burns 4%
Stroke 3%
Gunshot 0.9%
Electro union 1.3%
Drowning 2%
Other 3%

Question 16

Nearly ($$$$) of all injuries occur on the fire ground. Nearly ($$$) of all injuries are strains and sprains.

Answer 16

50%

50%

Question 17

Probably, the most important element of the incident safety program is applying ($$$$$$$) to the fire ground operations.

Answer 17

Risk management

Question 18

($$$$$$) specifically address risk management principals to be applied at the incident scene.

Answer 18

NFPA 1500

Question 19

In the past, the time from ignition to flash over was given as 10 minutes. The actual time can vary significantly depending on a number of variables, including the following.

Answer 19

Compartment size. 
Ventilation. 
Ignition source. 
Fuel supply. 
Fuel geometry. 
Distance between fuel cells. 
Heat capacity of the fuel. 
Geometry of the enclosure.

Question 20

Generally, nor assumption that can be made is that the larger the volume of the enclosure where the fire I’d located, the longer the time required to reach ($$$$$$)

Answer 20

Flashover

Question 21

The ($$$$) consists of fuels provided by the contents and combustible building materials.

Answer 21

Fuel load

Question 22

Fire intensity, burn time, content loads, and construction methods and materials all effect ($$$$$$)

Answer 22

Structural stability

Question 23

The ($$$$$) states that when a heavy volume of fire is burning out of control on two or more floors for 20 minutes or longer, structural collapse should be anticipated. This rule is based on ORDINARY CONSTRUCTION.

Answer 23

20 minute rule

Question 24

NFPA 1500 requires dispatch centers to notify command every ($$$$$) until the fire is knocked down.

Answer 24

10 minutes

Question 25

Several factors must be taken into consideration in evaluating the collapse potential for a building that is under fire attack. These factors fall into two general categories: ($$$$$$) of the building and ($$$$)

Answer 25

Pre fire conditions. | Fire conditions

Question 26

The following PRE FIRE conditions can contribute to a collapse in a building that is heavily involved in fire:

Answer 26

``` Weight. Fuel loads. Damage. Renovations. Deterioration. Support systems. Truss construction. ```

Question 27

Signs of structural collapse include but are not limited to the following:

Answer 27

Bulging, cracked, or unsupported walls. Walls leaking water or smoke. Falling bricks. Floors holding large volumes of water. Signs of structural movement, including unusual noises. Verticals structural members that are out of plumb.

Question 28

($$$$$$) can result in a sudden increase in heat intensity when fire breaks out of concealment vents.

Answer 28

Extension

Question 29

The ($$$$$$$$) building will normally be masonry or metal on the exterior with light weight metal trusses as a roof structure

Answer 29

NON COMBUSTIBLE

Question 30

Construction features combined with ($$$$$) indicate the most probable type of structural failure.

Answer 30

Fire factors

Question 31

Th only safe collapse zone is on that is equal to the height of the building plus allowances for scattering debris. A good rule of thumb for setting a collapse zone for most buildings is toes tallish an area ($$$$$$) times the height of the fire building.

Answer 31

1 1/2

Question 32

When a defensive stand represents a reasonable risk, positions at the ($$$$$$$) of buildings a normally safer than those on a flat side of a wall.

Answer 32

Corners

Question 33

When total collapse is imminent, collapse zones represent ($$$$$) that no one is permitted to enter regardless of the level of protective clothing.

Answer 33

Exclusion zones

Question 34

($$$$$) in all directions beyond the building on fire is a good rule of thumb approximation for the FIRE PERIMETER.

Answer 34

Two blocks

Question 35

The structural notability is only minamillay effected during the ($$$$$$$) and early ($$$$$) of the fire.

Answer 35

Ignition. | Growth phase.

Question 36

Structural stability is compromised as the fire continues to burn through the growth phase to the ($$$$$$).

Answer 36

Fully developed phase.

Question 37

Occupant survival is improbable in a ($$$$$$) compartment.

Answer 37

Post flashover.

Question 38

Fires involving the contents of the building are ($$$$$$)

Answer 38

Building fires

Question 39

Fires involving actual structural members are considered ($$$$$$$).

Answer 39

Structure fires

Question 40

The goal is to arrive prior to ($$$$$) and intervene, thus interrupting the fires progression to ($$$$$$$)

Answer 40

Flashover | Flashover

Question 41

NFPA 1221

Answer 41

Installation, maintenance, and use of emergency services communications system

Question 42

When the Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) is at the communications center, the dispatcher is expected to answer the call from the public in ($$$$$), then dispatch responders within ($$$$$) 95% of the time. For a total of ($$$$$) from call receipt to notifying units.

Answer 42

15 seconds 60 seconds 75 seconds

Question 43

NFPA continues with the goal of ($$$$$) to answer the call plus ($$$$) to dispatch units 99% of the time.

Answer 43

40 seconds | 90 seconds

Question 44

When the PSAP is not at the communications center, ($$$$$) is added to both goals to allow time to answer the call at the remote PSAP and then call the communications center.

Answer 44

30 seconds

Question 45

Form ignition until the fire is reported to the PSAP.

Answer 45

Pre burn time

Question 46

Form the receipt of the report from the public until fire units are notified.

Answer 46

Dispatch time. NFPA 1221 75 seconds to 105 seconds.

Question 47

From when fire units are notified until apparatus leaves the station.

Answer 47

Turnout time NFPA 1710 1 minute

Question 48

From when the fire unit leaves the station until they arrive at the scene.

Answer 48

Response time NFPA 1710 4 minutes

Question 49

From when fire units arrive at the scene until fire units take effective action.

Answer 49

Set up time NFPA 1720 2 minutes

Question 50

NFPA 1710

Answer 50

Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Career Fire Departments

Question 51

NFPA1710 set a time objective of ($$$$$) turnout time.

Answer 51

One minute

Question 52

($$$$$$) depends on road conditions, terrain, distance, traffic, and other factors.

Answer 52

Response time

Question 53

ISO FORMULA

Answer 53

1.7 x distance + 0.65 = travel time

Question 54

RAND

Answer 54

Average speed of 35mph

Question 55

NFPA 1710 response time goals

Answer 55

4 minutes first arriving Engine co. 8 minute full first alarm. 90% achievement.

Question 56

($$$$) is the time necessary to position the apparatus advance the first hose line into the fire area of the building, and apply water.

Answer 56

SET UP TIME

Question 57

NFPA 1720 states: Upon assembling the necessary resources at the scene, the fire department shall have the capability to safely commence an initial attack within ($$$$) of the time.

Answer 57

2 minutes 90%

Question 58

NFPA 1410

Answer 58

STANDARD ON T RAINING FOR INTIAL EMERGENCY SCENE OPERATIONS.

Question 59

NFPA 1410 sets training goals ranging from ($$$) to ($$$$) minutes to establish a water supply and discharge water through two hose lines.

Answer 59

3 | 6

Question 60

($$$$$$) stipulates a minimum of four fire fighters as an initial crew at a working structure fire.

Answer 60

NFPA 15000

Question 61

OSHA regulations require a ($$$$$$$) attack configuration for the initial attack when firefighters enter a fire area but with an imminent life threatening situation exception.

Answer 61

Two in/two out

Question 62

NFPA 1710 The initial full alarm assignment shall provide the following:

Answer 62

1. INCIDENT COMMAND out side the hazard area. 1 person. 2. WATER SUPPLY of a minimum 1520L/min (400gpm) for 30 min. 1 operator. 3. WATER FLOW 1140L/min (300 gpm) from 2 handlines, each shall have a minimum of 380L/min (100gpm). 2 people per line. 4. 1 SUPPORT person for each attack and back up line. 5. 1 victim SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM. 2 people 6. 1VENTILATION TEAM. 2 people. 7. 1 AERIAL DEVICE. 1 operator. 8. IRIC. 2 people.

Question 63

NFPA 1710 A minimum of ($$$$) would be required to staff the identified positions ($$$$) if an aerial device is in use.

Answer 63

14. | 15.

Question 64

Most fuel load in a structure will be in the form of ($$$$)

Answer 64

Solid materials

Question 65

Ordinary solid materials must be pre heated to a point where vapor fuel is released through a process called ($$$$$$$)

Answer 65

Pyrolysis

Question 66

If there is suffice not oxygen available when the contained vapor fuels reach ignition temperature a ($$$$$$) occurs.

Answer 66

Flashover

Question 67

If there is a lack of oxygen a fire could go into the DECAY PHASE. However, if oxygen is introduced into this superheated and fuel rich atmosphere, a ($$$$$) can occur.

Answer 67

Backdraft explosion

Question 68

($$$$$ is the life blood of any command organization.

Answer 68

Communications

Question 69

If a situation deteriorates rapidly, the IC calls for a PAR. SOPs generally call for PAR in the following situations :

Answer 69

When IC thinks it is necessary. When the Safety officer Request one. Change from offensive to defensive attac. Sudden changes occur backdraft, flashover collapse. When the entire building has been searched. When the fire has been extinguished. Every 10 minutes as per NFPA 1500

Question 70

In high rise fires ($$$$$$) manages the stairs and elevators.

Answer 70

Lobby control

Question 71

The ($$$$$$) are the preferred means of access and egress.

Answer 71

Interior stairs

Question 72

($$$$$$) would be the SEcoND PREFERRED choice of egress.

Answer 72

Fire escapes

Question 73

The ($$$$$$$) should be activated as soon as assistance is needed or thought to be needed.

Answer 73

PASS DEVICE

Question 74

In a high rise operation on an upper floor, the RIC should be located ($$$$$$) floors below the fire floor.

Answer 74

One or more

Question 75

When ever possible all interior attack lines should attack from the ($$$$$).

Answer 75

Same access point.

Question 76

The time between suppression and final ($$$$$$) is an ideal time to rotate personnel through rehabilitation while the building airs out.

Answer 76

Overhaul

Question 77

($$$$$$$$) provides guidelines for hot and cold weather rehabilitation.

Answer 77

NFPA 1584 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ON THE REHABILITATION OF MEMBERS OPERATING AT INCIDENT SCENE OPERATIONS AND TRAINING EXERCISES.

Question 78

Rehabilitation can be divided into three phases.

Answer 78

Pre incident hydration and preparation. Incident rehabilitation. Post incident recovery.

Question 79

($$$$) is ia sign of mild dehydration; members should not wait until they are thirsty to ingest liquids.

Answer 79

Thirst

Question 80

While awaiting calls members should pre hydrate by drinking ($$$$$) every six hours plus liquids that are ingested with meals.

Answer 80

6 to 8 ounces

Question 81

Water or sports drink intake should be in the range of ($$$$$) during a 20 minute rehabilitation.

Answer 81

12 to 32 ounces

Question 82

The rest period after using two cylinders should be. At least ($$$$$$)

Answer 82

20 minutes