Test 1: lecture 5: actinomycetia

Question 1

actinomycetia are gram ___ ___ that ___ spores

Answer 1

positive rods

do not form

Question 2

what are 4 non acid fast actinomycetia bacteria

Answer 2

gram positive rods, no spores

Corynebacterium (C. pseudotuberculosis → CL and pigeon fever. C. bovis→ scaly skin C. renale → pizzle rot C. urealyticum → encrusting cystitis)

Actinomyces→ A. bovis → lumpy jaw and fistulous withers

Trueperella → T. pyogenes → pus

Dermatophilus → D. congolensis→ railroad, rain rot and lumpy wool

Question 3

what are three actinomycetia acid fast bacteria

Answer 3

Mycobacterium

Nocardia (partial beaded) → grass awns

Rhodocococcus (partial) → R. equi → lungs, gut, knees

(gram + rods, no spores)

Question 4

___ are gram positive rods that appear “filamentous” and “branching” (especially in tissues)

Answer 4

actinomycetia Often normal flora OR saprophytes

Cause opportunistic infections in compromised tissues

A few “true” pathogens as well

Question 5

____ are NORMAL flora of the cutaneous microbiome and are COMMON contaminant in aerobic cultures

Answer 5

corynebacterium

(type of non-acid fast actinomycetia→ gram positive filamentous rod)

Question 6

balto carries antitoxin for ___

Answer 6

corynebacterium diphtheriae

(gram + filamentous rod, non-acid fast actinomycetia)

Question 7

Answer 7

coryneform

diphtheroid

dumbell clumped together

corynebacterium (gram + branching rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

Question 8

CL is caused by ___

Answer 8

Caseous lymphadenitis (aka CL or CLA)

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (gram + rod, part of the actinomycetia)

Question 9

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis cause

Answer 9

Caseous lymphadenitis (aka CL or CLA) in rumminants

pigeon fever in horses

Question 10

___ is introduced during shearing and spreads to the lymph nodes and internal organs

Answer 10

CL Caseous lymphadenitis

caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Question 11

how to treat CL

Answer 11

cull → bacteria is resistant to treatment, also very contagious

caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (gram + rod)

Question 12

how to treat pigeon fever

Answer 12

lance

caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (gram + rod)

Question 13

pigeon fever

Answer 13

caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (gram + rod)

Pectoral abscessation in horse

• Bacteria live in the soil and enter through wounds, broken skin or mucous membranes
• Primarily found on west coast- dry seasons

Question 14

Answer 14

Corynebacterium bovis (gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

scaly skin disease

Question 15

scaly skin disease is caused by ___

Answer 15

Corynebacterium bovis (gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

seen in hairless lab mice

Question 16

Corynebacterium bovis cause ___

Answer 16

scaly skin disease in hairless lab mice

environmental bovine mastitis

(gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

Question 17

Corynebacterium renale cause __

Answer 17

Pyelonephritis of cattle

• Pizzle rot in small ruminants

(gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

Question 18

pizzle rot is caused by

Answer 18

Corynebacterium renale

(gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

Question 19

Corynebacterium urealyticum cause

Answer 19

encrusting cystitis in dogs and cats

very drug resistant

may require surgical debridement

(gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

Question 20

encrusting cystitis is caused by ___

Answer 20

Corynebacterium urealyticum

(gram + , non acid fast actinomycetia)

Question 21

Rhodococcus equi was previously called ___

Answer 21

corynebacterium equi

lives inside macrophages (can be polymorphic→ look different)

(gram + coccobacillus, partially acid fast actinomycetia)

Question 22

___ effects foals around 6-12 weeks of age and is partially acid fast

Answer 22

Rhodoccooccus equi (previously Corynebacterium equi)

(gram + coccobacillus, partially acid fast actinomycetia)

Question 23

how does rhodococcus equi spread

Answer 23

Question 24

___ bacteria is common in the lungs, cecum and joints

Answer 24

rhodocococcus equi (previously corynebacterium equi)

leads to pyrogranulamatous pneumonia, ulcerative typhlocolitis, and septic arthritis

(gram + coccobacillus, partially acid fast actinomycetia)

Question 25

rhodococcus equi leads to \_\_\_

Answer 25

pyrogranulamatous pneumonia, ulcerative typhlocolitis, and septic arthritis (gram + coccobacillus, partially acid fast actinomycetia)

Question 26

There is a direct relationship between the number of ___ cells in the environment of young foals and the number of pneumonia cases. Can multiply to extremely high numbers in intestines of young foal and be shed in the surrounding environment

Answer 26

Rhodococcus equi

Question 27

Pathogenicity of rhodocococcus strains mainly associated with presence of a \_\_\_\_- required for intracellular survival but mechanism is still poorly understood.

Answer 27

vapA gene

Question 28

treatment for R. equi

Answer 28

macrolide and Rifampin Rhodococcus equi (gram + coccobacillus, partially acid fast actinomycetia)

Question 29

how does rifampin work

Answer 29

treatment for Rhodococcus equi inhibits RNA synthesis needs to be used in combo with drugs otherwise can form resistance quickly (single point mutation) very good at penetrating abscesses and deep tissues

Question 30

actinomyces are gram __ and are shaped \_\_

Answer 30

positive filaments

Question 31

actinomyces prefer to live in \_\_\_

Answer 31

anaerobic (or facultatively anaerobic)

Question 32

actinomyces are found in the \_\_

Answer 32

oral cavity

Question 33

\_\_\_ are used to fight actinomyces

Answer 33

high dose penicillin (beta lactam → attack cell wall) actinomyces (gram + rod, non acid fast actinomycetia)

Question 34

\_\_\_ causes lumpy jaw

Answer 34

actinomyces bovis | (gram + rod, non acid fast)

Question 35

\_\_\_ is caused by eating rough silage that leads to injury of the mucosa and proliferative bone infection

Answer 35

lumpy jaw actinomyces bovis (gram + rod, non acid fast)

Question 36

fistulous withers is caused by ___ and \_\_\_

Answer 36

actinomyces bovis and brucella abortus

Question 37

actinomyces cause ___ in horses and ___ in cows

Answer 37

fistulous withers lumpy jaw (gram + rod, non acid fast)

Question 38

nocardia is a strict ___ and is found \_\_\_

Answer 38

aerobe enviroment→ dirt, grass (gram + filamentous rods, partially acid fast)

Question 39

\_\_\_ has a beady appearance, partially acid fast positive

Answer 39

nocardia (gram + filamentous rod)

Question 40

nocardia cause \_\_\_

Answer 40

skin and soft tissue infections following penetrative wounds, systemic infection in immunosuppressed animal → migrating grass awns

Question 41

what drug for nocardia

Answer 41

TMS (trimethoprim) (potentiated sulfonamide → acts as bactericidal with ormetoprim → attack folic acid synthesis in two ways → very good tissue distribution)

Question 42

what kind of culture type to grow mycobacterium

Answer 42

mycobacterial culture aerobic

Question 43

what kind of culture type to grow nocardia

Answer 43

aerobe

Question 44

what kind of culture for actinomyces

Answer 44

anaerobic culture

Question 45

where is mycobacterium found?

Answer 45

environment

Question 46

where is nocardia found

Answer 46

environement (dirt)

Question 47

where is actinomyces found

Answer 47

mouth

Question 48

acid fast + or - mycobacterium

Answer 48

positive

Question 49

acid fast + or - nocardia

Answer 49

partially positive beaded apperance

Question 50

acid fast + or - actinomyces

Answer 50

no

Question 51

drug for mycobacterium

Answer 51

clarithromycin, FQ

Question 52

drug of choice for nocardia

Answer 52

TMS

Question 53

drug of choice for actinomyces

Answer 53

high dose penicillin

Question 54

Trueperella pyogenes

Answer 54

gram +, short rods, non acid fast found on mucosal surfaces (nasal and oropharyngeal) of ruminants and swine facultative anaerobe COMMON agent of opportunistic, polymicrobial infections • Chronic & **VERY purulent** • Mastitis, endometritis, pneumonia treatment: penicillin and drainage

Question 55

\_\_\_ is found on mucosal surfaces (nasal and oropharyngeal) of ruminants and swine

Answer 55

trueperella pyogenes (gram + short rod, non acid fast)

Question 56

how to treat trueperella pyrogenes

Answer 56

penicillin and drainage

Question 57

Answer 57

trueperella pyogenes | (gram +, short rod, non acid fast)

Question 58

\_\_\_ causes purulent mastitis, endometritis and pneumonia

Answer 58

trueperella pyogenes | (gram + short rod, non acid fast)

Question 59

\_\_\_ looks like railroad tracks

Answer 59

dermatophilus congolensis

Question 60

trueperella pyogenes grows as a \_\_\_

Answer 60

facultative anaerobe

Question 61

dermatophilus congolensis grows as a \_\_

Answer 61

aerobic

Question 62

dermatophilus congolensis cause ___ in horses and ___ in sheep

Answer 62

rain rot lumpy wool

Question 63

how to treat dermatophilus congolensis

Answer 63

penicillin (gram + railroad track rods, non acid fast)