Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Fall 22: micro > Test 2: paramyxoviruses > Flashcards

Test 2: paramyxoviruses Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what family of viruses are in the order mononegavirales?

A

paramyxoviridae
pneumo
rhabdo- rabies
filo- ebola
Borna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

paramyxoviridae are —

A

pleomorphic- spherical or filamentous
enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

— viruses have herringbone shape

A

paramyxoviridae

paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the two spikes on the paramyxoviridae cell

A

fusion (F)
attachment proteins: HN, H or G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

—- protein on paramyxoviridae is similar to flu’s HA

A

Fusion protein F

needs to be cleaved by cellular protease to be active

unlike HA does not need low pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HN of paramyxoviridea is a attachment protein that —

A

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

can cause RBC to clump near infected cell
help virus form and leave host cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

H attachment protein in paramyxoviridae

A

can cause RBC to accumulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

antivirals to paramyxoviridae should attack —

A

both fusion protein
and
attachment protein (HN, H, or G)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

paramyxoviridae

Neutralizing antibodies specific for the attachment glycoprotein
—- inhibit adsorption of virus to cellular receptors, but
antibodies specific to —- can also neutralize viral infectivity

A

(HN, H, or G)
F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where does replication occur in paramyxoviridae

A

in cytoplasm

a negative sense ssRNA- brings its own viral polymerase

paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

paramyxoviridae will attach to cell with

A

HN, H or G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

—- mediates fusion of the paramyxovirus envelope with the cellular plasma membrane at physiologic pH

A

F protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

transcription of mRNA from paramyxoviridae is by —

A

sequential
interrupted-synthesis mechanism.

negative sense ssRNA- needs to become + before it can become mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In paramyxovirus-infected cells, the F protein is involved in the induction of cell fusion and the formation of —

A

syncytia (giant cells)

F protein moves to edge of cell and recruits other cells and fuses with them

paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what type of paramyxoviridae produces both cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusion bodies

A

morbillivirus

canine distemper, rinderpest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

newcastle disease virus is caused by

A

virulent avian paramyxovirus 1
from G. avulavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

symptoms of new castle disease

A

highly contagious
repiratory, digestive and neuro
hemorrhagic lesion, encephalomyelitis, muscle tremor, paralysis of legs and wings, decreased egg production

pigeon- twisting neck syndrome

paramyxo G. Avulavirus
- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

symptoms of new castle disease

A

highly contagious
repiratory, digestive and neuro

paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

viscerotropic velogenic
neurotropic velogenic
mesogenic

A

cause high mortality rates and New Castle Disease

newcastle disease virus/ virulent avian paramyxovirus 1 is grouped by pathotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lentogenic
asymptomatic enteric

A

naturally avirulent strain of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 virus

used as vaccines against new castle disease because they induce cross-protective antibodies

newcastle disease virus/ virulent avian paramyxovirus 1 is grouped by pathotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

— are used as vaccines against new castle disease

A

avirulent strains - lentogenic, asymptomatic enteric

cause cross-protective antibodies

paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cleavability of the F protein of NDV correlates directly with —-.

A

virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

newcastle disease virus in pigeons cause

A

twisting neck syndrome
neuro signs and diarrhea

paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

newcastle disease virus causes what symptoms

A

Mortality near 100%; targets viscera and CNS.
*Hemorrhagic lesions.
*Encephalomyelitis.
*Neurotropic strains cause respiratory disease followed quickly by neurologic signs: muscle tremors, paralysis of legs and wings, or drooped wings.
*Marked drop in egg production.

paramyxo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
tranmission of newcastle disease virus
airborne route, ingestion of contaminated feed and water rare vertical transmission? (mom to baby) ## Footnote paramyxo- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (newcastle)
26
newcastle disease virus effects
chickens turkeys wild fowl
27
avian paramyxovirus 2-12
cause mild respiratory disease not as severe as 1 - newcastle disease virus can affect different species of birds
28
hendra virus and nipah virus reservoir are
fruit bats from group Henipavirus ## Footnote paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (barking pig, equine morbillivirus)
29
equine morbillivirus is caused by
hendra virus ## Footnote paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H-equine morbillivirus)
30
hendra virus symptoms
**humans**- 60% fatal **horses**- respiratory and neuro issues, leads to severe pneumonia with 75% fatality | previously called equine morbillivirus ## Footnote paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)
31
transmission of hendra virus
fruit bat reservoir horse- eating contaminated food human- exposure to fluid or tissues of infected horse no human to human transmission ## Footnote paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)
32
what level bio security for Hendra virus
level 4 high containment facility ## Footnote paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)
33
barking pig syndrome is caused by ---
Nipah virus ## Footnote paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)
34
symptoms of nipah virus
pigs- respiratory illness, coughing " barking pig syndrome", neuro signs- ataxia and seizures- low mortality rate humans- endothelial cell damage, necrosis and syncytial giant cells- 40% mortality rate ## Footnote paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)
35
Nipah or Hendra viruses have a higher mortality rate?
hendra ## Footnote paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)
36
transmission of nipah virus
fruit bat pigs inhale bat feces humans contact infected pigs human-human ## Footnote paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)
37
hendra or nipah cause greater threat to agriculture?
nipah- lower mortality rate but can be transfered human- human ## Footnote paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (N- barking pig, H- equine morbillivirus)
38
--- was declared eradicated in 2011
rinderpest bovine plague genus morbillivirus of family Paramyxoviridae ## Footnote paramyxo (group morbillivirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)
39
rinderpest virus replicates in what tissue?
lymphoid which leads to spread throughout the body→ ulcers and necrosis- mortality 20-90% ## Footnote paramyxo (group morbillivirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)
40
pestis des petits ruminants cause ---
similar to rinderpest but in goat and sheep instead of cattle Fever, anorexia, stomatitis, diarrhea, bronchopneumonia. Mortality in goats 95%, sheep slightly less. ## Footnote paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)
41
Canine distemper virus cause
attacks lymphocytes and monocytes Fever, leukopenia, depression, nasal and ocular discharge, cough, pneumonia; vomiting, diarrhea and neurological signs (seizures, paresis). Gains access to CNS via endothelial cells to CSF, or via infected lymphocytes. ## Footnote paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)
42
Canine distemper virus has local replication in ---
mononuclear cells(lymphocytes and monocytes) of the upper respiratory tract then spreads via lymphatics and blood ## Footnote paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)
43
canine distemper virus is shed in ___
all secretions or excretions ## Footnote paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)
44
two complications caused by canine distemper virus
**Old dog encephalitis** which is a rare chronic progressive panencephalitis in adult dog. “**Hard-pad disease**” of the foot pads and nose ## Footnote paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)
45
---- is similar to canine distemper in marine mammals
morbillivirus of marine mammals pneumonia, CNS disease, GI disease ## Footnote paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)
46
Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (PI-3) cause
mild symptoms- fever, nasal discharge, dyspnea predisposes animal to seconday bacterial infection →shipping fever (bovine repiratory disease complex BRD) ## Footnote paramyxo (group respirovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (bovine parainfluenza virus 3)
47
Bovine PI-3 predisposes animals to ___
secondary bacterial infections "Shipping fever” “Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD)” ## Footnote paramyxo (group respirovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (bovine parainfluenza virus 3)
48
----- is characterized by purulent nasal discharge, cough, anorexia, fever, mortality from acute fibrinous bronchopneumonia.
bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) | Bovine PI-3 allows bacteria to cause shipping fever ## Footnote paramyxo (group respirovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (bovine parainfluenza virus 3)
49
G. rubulavirus
paramyxo (group rubulavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (canine PI-5, porcine rubulavirus)
50
Canine parainfluenza 5 cause
mild respiratory disease in dogs can combine to cause serious or chronic issues ## Footnote paramyxo (group rubulavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (canine PI-5, porcine rubulavirus)
51
blue eye in pigs is caused by
porcine rubulavirus cause neuro disease, conjunctivitis and corneal opacity | CAV-1(canine hepatitis) blue eyes in dogs from adenoviridae ## Footnote paramyxo (group rubulavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (canine PI-5, porcine rubulavirus)
52
Bovine RSV cause
effect calves and young cattle fever, abnormal breathing, nasal discharge and cough can lead to syncytia, pneumonia and shipping fever | bovine respiratory syncytial virus ## Footnote paramyxo (group orthopneumovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (Bovine RSV, canine pneumovirus)
53
Bovine RSV replicates in what tissue
respiratory epithelium leads to fever, cough, nasal discharge can lead the way for shipping fever,**syncytia**, pneumonia ## Footnote pneumo (group orthopneumovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (Bovine RSV, canine pneumovirus)
54
Canine pneumovirus
cause mild symptoms but can lead to pneumonia and respiratory disease ## Footnote pneumo (group orthopneumovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (Bovine RSV, canine pneumovirus)
55
G. metapneumovirus are
pnuemo (group metapneumo)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (avian rhinotracheitis)
56
Turkey rhinotracheitis causes
inflammation of the respiratory tract, sneezing, cough and head shaking, decreased egg production 100% morbidity but low mortality cytoplasmic inclusions ## Footnote pneumo (group metapneumo)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (avian rhinotracheitis)
57
swollen head syndrome
in chickens mild symptoms- swelling of sinuses, respiratory distress 4% morbidity and 2% mortality ## Footnote pneumo (group metapneumo)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (avian rhinotracheitis)
58
avian rhinotracheitis virus is worse in chickens or tukeys?
turkeys rhinotracheitis- 100% morbidity 0.4-50% mortality swollen head syndrome- chickens- 4% morbidity, 2% mortality ## Footnote pneumo (group metapneumo)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (avian rhinotracheitis)
59
What is the tissue tropism (the cells of the host that support the growth of the virus) for most parainfluenza viruses?
respiratory tissue? ## Footnote paramyxo (group respirovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (bovine parainfluenza virus 3)
60
What is the tissue tropism (the cells of the host that support the growth of the virus) for most morbilliviruses?
lymphocytes (macrophages) ## Footnote paramyxo (group morbillivirus-spread in lymphocytes)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)
61
What are two zoonotic paramyxoviruses that emerged in Australia?
G. henipavirus **hendra virus**- horses **nipah virus**- barking pig syndrome ## Footnote paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (barking pig, equine morbillivirus)
62
What are zoonotic paramyxoviruses that emerged in Asia?
Rinderpest- bovine plague in cattle ## Footnote paramyxo (group morbillivirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (rinderpest, canine distemper)
63
what is the reservoir of G. Henipavirus
fruit bats leads to Hendra virus in horses Nipah virus- Barking pig syndrome ## Footnote paramyxo (group Henipavirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (barking pig, equine morbillivirus)
64
What is the clinical manifestation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection?
Sudden onset of high fever, hyperpnea, abdominal breathing, lethargy, rhinitis, nasal discharge, and cough Syncytia, pneumonia and emphysema are characteristic. can lead to seconday bacterial infection - shipping fever ## Footnote paramyxo (group orthopneumovirus)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (Bovine RSV, canine pneumovirus)
65
What is turkey rhinotracheitis?
Inflammation of the respiratory tract, coughing, head shaking, decreased egg production Morbidity is often 100%; mortality ranges from 0.4% to 50% and is highest in young poults. Cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in epithelial cells in airway and nasal cavities ## Footnote paramyxo (group metapneumo)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (avian rhinotracheitis)
66
What tissue is targeted by the turkey rhibotracheitis virus?
Cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in epithelial cells in airway and nasal cavities ## Footnote paramyxo (group metapneumo)- pleomorphic enveloped, negative sense non segmented ssRNA (avian rhinotracheitis)
67
vaccine for newcastle disease
live and killed vaccines birds usually culled ## Footnote Parayxo (G. Avula)
68
Bovine PI-3 vaccine
inactivated and live attenuated virus | nasal discharge, cough, pneumonia
69
What strains/subtype of equine influenza is currently circulating in the USA?
H3N8 also effects dogs ## Footnote orthomyxo- segmented, negative sence, ssRNA enveloped
70
Describe the structure of paramyxovirus and pneumoviruses
members of the mononegavirales ss non segmented, enveloped, RNA negative sense Paramyxo- pleomoprhic, herringbone shape attachment protein(spikes/glycroproteins): HN. H, G. fusion protein F. brings its own polymerase forms inclusion bodies in macrophages F protein binds with other noninfected cells to form syncytia
71
How are attachment to and entry of paramyxoviruses in target cells accomplished?
HN, H, G attachment proteins bind to host cell F(fusion protein) is cleaved by host protease and fuses with host cell membrane- releases ssRNA into the cell
72
Which protein is important in mediating attachment of paramyxoviridae?
HN, H, G envelope spike/glycoproteins
73
Which protein is important in mediating entry of paramyxo?
F must be cleaved to bind to membrane | similar to HA in orthomyxo (flu)
74
What are syncytia?
giant cell caused by F protein binding to non infected cell
75
What is the clinical manifestation of New Castle disease
(virulent avian paramyxovirus 100% death respiratory, digestive and CNS hemorrhagic lesions, encephalomyelitis, muscle tremors, paralysis, dropped wings, decreased egg production,-pigeons- twisting neck syndrome) spread by inhalation and ingestion shed up to 4 weeks in animals that survive ## Footnote G. Avulavirus- Paramyxoviridae- mononegavirales
76
What is the tissue tropism (the cells of the host that support the growth of the virus) for most parainfluenza viruses?
respiratory
77
What is the tissue tropism (the cells of the host that support the growth of the virus) for most morbilliviruses?
lymphoid tissue
78
What are two zoonotic paramyxoviruses that emerged in Australia and Indonesia?
henipavirus hendra- horses nipah- pigs- barking pig syndrome | fruit bat reservoir
79
What is the clinical manifestation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection?
Bovine RSV fever, cough, nasal discharge, abdornmal breathing, lethargy can form syncytia, pneumonia and emphysema ## Footnote G. othopneumovirus, Paramyxoviridae
80
What is turkey rhinotracheitis?
Avian rhinotracheitiis avian metapneumovirus | G. metapneumo, Pneumoviridae
81
What tissue is targeted by the virus of turkey rhinotracheitis?
respiratory tissue ## Footnote avian metapneumovius Pneumoviridae

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions