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Fall 22: micro > Test 1: other gram neg > Flashcards

Test 1: other gram neg Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

____ cause hyperplasia of immature enterocytes

A

Lawsonia intercellularis

(gram negative, obligate intracellular rod)

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2
Q
A

Lawsonia intracellularis

cause hyperplasia of immature enterocytes→ spread by fecal oral route

(Gram negative, obligate intracellular rod)

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3
Q

how to diagnosis Lawsonia intracellularis

A

necropsy findings

histopath

PCT

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4
Q

Lawsonia intercellularis cause ___ in a variety of animals

A

proliferative enteropathy

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5
Q

another name for L. intercellularis in pigs

A

garden hose gut

causes iletis/ proliferative enteropathy

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6
Q

wet tail is caused by ___

A

Lawsonia intracellularis (Gram negative, obligate intracellular rod)

causes proliferative enteropathy (diarrhea)

in hamsters

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7
Q

garden hose gut is caused by

A

Lawsonia intracellularis (Gram negative, obligate intracellular rod)

causes porcine proliferative enteropathy / ileitis (diarrhea)

in pigs

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8
Q

what two bacteria cause Ileitis in young foals

A

Lawsonia intracellularis (equine proliferative enteropathy) → gram - rod

Rhodocococcus Equi → gram + rod, acid fast +

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9
Q

___ that is used to treat Lawsonia intracellularis is prohibited from use in food animals

A

chloramphenicol → causes aplastic anemia in humans

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10
Q

treatment for Lawsonia intracellularis

A

(wet tail, garden hose gut → proliferative enteropathy)

tetracycline, macrolides and chloramphenicol

chloramphenicol → NO food animals → cause aplastic anemia in humans

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11
Q

how to submit anaerobic culture to a lab

A

as quickly as possible

in a sterile vacutainer

tissue sample is better then a swab

use anaerobic transport containers

DO NOT refrigerate

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12
Q

True or False: you should freeze or refrigerate anaerobic samples

A

false

O2 penetrates cold tissue better

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13
Q

anaerobic culture

A

gram negative

filamentous tapered rod

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Bacteroides fargilis

Dischelobacter nodosus

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14
Q

what are three gram negative anaerobes

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Bacteroides fargilis

Dischelobacter nodosus

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15
Q

infection by an anaerobe requires ___

A

trauma of deep tissues that leads to ischemia and a decrease in O2

fecal contamination or a bite

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16
Q

___ lead to abscesses, gingivitis, peritonitis and tissue necrosis

A

anaerobes

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17
Q

Fusobacterium necrophorum play a key roll in ___

A

rumen function (lactic acid metabolization)

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18
Q

___ causes “necrobacillosis”

A

fusobacterium necrophorum

(gram - anaerobe)

important in rumen function

leads to ulcerative diseases

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19
Q

what type of ulcerative diseases does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause?

A

calf diphtheria→ break down larynx

stomatitis → cattle and pigs mouth swelling

rumenitis → acidosis → leads to liver abscesses and joint infection by T. pyogenes

foot rot in cattle

foot Thrush in horses

(F. necrophorum, bacteroides fragilis, dichelobacter nodosus) is a gram - anaerobe)

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20
Q

___ is the ulcerative breakdown of the cows larynx and is caused by ___

A

calf diphtheria

Fusobacterium necrophorum

(F. necrophorum, bacteroides fragilis, dichelobacter nodosus) is a gram - anaerobe)

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21
Q

how does Fuscobacterium necrophorum caused liver abscesses

A

will cause rumen acidosis which leads to increase in bacteria and ruminal abscesses → bacteria will emboli and travel to the liver where the cause more abscesses

(T. pyogenes also cause Liver abscesses)

(F. necrophorum, bacteroides fragilis, dichelobacter nodosus) is a gram - anaerobe)

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22
Q

what anaerobic gram - produces beta lactamase?

A

Bacteroides fragilis

(Fusobacterium necrophorum, bacteroides fragilis, dichelobacter nodosus) is a gram - anaerobe)

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23
Q

bacteroides fragilis is a gram ___ ____

A

negative anaerobe

opportunistic→ normal flora or mammalian colon

produces beta lactamase → resistant to penicillin!

(Fusobacterium necrophorum, bacteroides fragilis, dichelobacter nodosus) is a gram - anaerobe)

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24
Q

Bacteroides fragilis produces ___

A

beta lactamase → resistant to penicillin

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25
Dichelobacter nodosus is found \_\_\_
short life in soil obligate parasite of ruminant hooves cause root rot (Fusobacterium necrophorum, bacteroides fragilis, dichelobacter nodosus) is a gram - anaerobe)
26
\_\_\_ cause foot rot in sheep
Dichelobacter nodosus obligate parasite of ruminant hooves that produces keratinase (Fusobacterium necrophorum, bacteroides fragilis, dichelobacter nodosus) is a gram - anaerobe)
27
Dischelobacter nodosus produce \_\_\_
**keratinase** → helps bacteria breakdown ruminant hooves cause foot rot in sheep (Fusobacterium necrophorum, bacteroides fragilis, dichelobacter nodosus is a gram - anaerobe)
28
how to treat foot rot
caused by Dichelobacter nodosus foot baths and routine trimming (Fusobacterium necrophorum, bacteroides fragilis, dichelobacter nodosus is a gram - anaerobe)
29
what are 2 gram + anaeorobes
**Clostridium** (histotoxic, neurotoxic, enterotoxigenic) **actinomyces** (A. bovis → lumpy jaw and fistulous withers)
30
when does clostridium sporulate vs germinate?
Bacteria undergo sporulation in aerobic environments and germinate in anaerobic. Clostridium (gram +, spore forming, anaerobe) (actinomyces is also a gram +, anaerobe, acid fast negative)
31
is clostridium easy to eliminate
No. spores had to clean require autoclaving and disinfectants with extended wet contact time
32
how to treat clostridium
gram positive, spore forming, anaerobe two part treatment → treat the toxin **(anti-toxin**) and treat the pathogen with **penicillin**
33
Histotoxic Clostridium ## Footnote C. chauvoei \_\_\_\_ C. haemolyticum \_\_\_\_ C. Enterotoxigenic novyi type B \_\_\_\_ C. novyi type A \_\_\_\_ C. septicum \_\_\_ C. perfringens type A \_\_\_\_
C. chauvoei (blackleg) C. haemolyticum (bacillary haemoglobinuria C. Enterotoxigenic novyi type B (Black Disease) C. novyi type A (Big head) C. septicum (malignant edema and braxy) C. perfringens type A (Gas Gangrene)
34
2 types of neurotoxic clostridium
C. botulism C. tetani
35
2 type of enterotoxic Clostridium
C. perfringens Type A-E Clostridiodes difficile
36
MOA of C. tetani
gram + anaerobe found in soil and mammal intestines wound such as castration or puncture causes anaerobic environment and C. tetani starts to grow and produce **Tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin)** **blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitter (GABA) of motor neurons** **GABA tells muscles to relax → No gaba= spastic paralysis**
37
how does C. tetani get into the body?
gram + anaerobe found in soil and mammal intestines wound such as castration or puncture causes anaerobic environment and C. tetani starts to grow and produce **Tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin)** **leads to spastic paralysis by blocking the release of GABA (tells muscles to relax)**
38
tetanus toxin blocks the release of \_\_\_
inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA of motor neurons GABA tells muscles to relax no GABA = no relax = SPASTIC paralysis
39
\_\_\_ causes spastic paralysis
C. tetani (neurotoxic) blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA of motor neurons
40
another name for tetanus toxin
tetanospasmin
41
what are some symptoms of C. tetani in cows?
spastic paralysis sawhorse stance opisthotonus (head seize back) (C. tetani is a neurologic toxin→ gram + anaerobe)
42
what are symptoms of tetanus in dogs
protrusion of nictitating membrane sardonic smile
43
how do people get botulism
C. botulinum bacteria spores invade damaged cans while inside the anaerobic environment the bacteria germinate (grow and form toxins) humans eat the canned food and the **preformed toxins**
44
shaker foal syndrome
caused by C. botulinum infection in infants → bacteria enters through unhealed umbilicus
45
MOA of C. botulinum
blocks release of acetylcholine (inhibition at cholinergic peripheral synapses) can't trigger action → muscles can't contract → flaccid paralysis
46
\_\_\_ leads to flaccid paralysis
C. botulinum prevents release of Acetylcholine muscle can't contract (inhibition of cholinergic peripheral synapses)
47
\_\_\_ leads to flaccid paralysis
C. botulinum prevents release of Acetylcholine muscle can't contract (inhibition of cholinergic peripheral synapses)
48
how do people with C. botulinum die
flaccid paralysis respiratory failure → diaphragm can't contract = can't breathe
49
symptoms of botulinum in horses
wobbly, food drop, tongue out
50
avian botulism life cycle
bird die → botulism grows in anaerobic environment of the carcass flies come and maggots become infected with botulism toxin birds eat these **infected maggots** and die and it all starts again can lead to **mass die off**
51
\_\_\_ causes black leg
C. chauvoei | (type of histotoxic)
52
how does black leg occur
C. chauvoei **spores are ingested and settles into muscles** trauma to that muscle leads to **anaerobic environment and germination of the spores** → release exotoxin that causes **rapid necrosis of the muscle**
53
C. chauvoei cause \_\_\_
black leg in ruminants spores are eaten, settle in muscle, muscle damaged, spores grow and produce toxin that causes rapid necrosis
54
\_\_\_ cause red water
C. haemolyticum histotoxic spores are eaten and make it to the liver → migrating liver fluke cause anaerobic environment → toxin produced cause production of phospholipase C → **intravascular hemolysis**→ bacillary hemoglobinuria (red bloody urine)
55
bacillary hemoglobinuria is caused by \_\_\_
C. haemolyticum histotoxic spores are eaten and make it to the liver → toxin produced cause production of phospholipase C → intravascular hemolysis→ hemoglobinuria (red bloody urine)
56
\_\_\_ causes black disease
C. novyi type B similar to C. haemolyticum that causes bloody urine only acts on liver this will causes necrotizing hepatitis → sudden death
57
C. novyi type B
histotoxic gram + anaerobe causes **Black disease** **necrotizing hepatitis and sudden death**
58
C. novyi type A cause \_\_\_
gas gangrene→ Big head in sheep effects soft tissue, enters through wounds (gram + anaerobic histotoxic bacteria)
59
Big head is caused by \_\_\_
C. novyi type A enters through wounds and is histotoxic to soft tissue → breakdown of tissues cause "gas gangrene" (gram + anaerobic)
60
C. septicum causes \_\_\_
**malignant edema and gas gangrene** enters through wounds and causes cellulitis with localized large swelling of muscle tissue more treatable then C. chauvoei similar to **C. chauvoei** (**black leg**→ spores eaten, live in muscle and produce exotoxin that causes rapid necrosis) (soft tissue histotoxic gram + anaerobe)
61
malignant edema and gas gangrene is caused by \_\_\_
**C. septicum** enters through wounds and exotoxins causes cellulitis with localized large swelling of muscle tissue similar to **C. chauvoei** (**black leg**→ spores eaten, live in muscle and produce exotoxin that causes rapid necrosis) (soft tissue histotoxic gram + anaerobe)
62
\_\_\_ is caused when spores are ingested and move to muscle. Muscle damaged and spores germinate and produce toxin that causes necrosis
**C. chauvoei**
63
\_\_\_\_ can be histotoxic and enterotoxic
C. perfringens Type A → cause gas gangrene and enteritis
64
\_\_\_ cause cause gas gangrene and enteritis
C. perfringens Type A
65
overeating disease is caused by
C. perfringens type D also called pulpy kidney disease caused by over consumption of milk or feed with **high carb load** spores grow in gut and produce **epsilon toxin** that c**ause pore formation** in target cells → accumulates in the **kidney**
66
what toxin does C. perfringens type D produce
epsilon toxin → cause pore formation → accumulates in the kidney causes overeating disease in sheep and goats / **pulpy kidney disease**
67
Pseudomembranous colitis
caused by Clostridiodes difficile in horses, shedding of mucosal membrane of the GI tract → feces will have membrane around them caused by previous antibiotic use that wipes out normal flora and C. diff goes crazy
68
Clostridiodes difficile cause \_\_\_
Pseudomembranous colitis in horses feces with membrane from shedding mucosal membrane
69
\_\_\_\_ is an atypical clostridia that stains gram negative
C. piliforme
70
\_\_ causes Tyzzer's disease
C. piliform weird clostridia that stains gram negative causes acute **liver failure or death** associated with **too much nitrogen in the diet**
71
Tyzzer's disease happens in ___ when \_\_\_
foals and lab animals too much nitrogen in the diets leads to acute liver failure and death C. piliforme
72
\_\_\_ are anaerobic gram + branching filamentous rods
actinomyces
73
\_\_\_ are gram negative anaerobic filamentous tapered rods
Fusobacterium necrophorum (Fusobacterium necrophorum, bacteroides fragilis and dichelobacter nodosus are all gram - anaerobes)
74
Fusobacterium necrophorum gram - anaerobic rod
75
2 neurotoxin anaerobes \_\_\_- MOA of toxin and resulting clinical disease \_\_\_\_ MOA of toxin and resulting clinical disease, carcass-magot life cycle
C. tentani → block release of GABA → can't relax → spastic paralysis C. botulism (avian botulism)→ blocks AcH release flaccid paralysis

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

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