Test 2: mycology

Question 1

chemotropic nutrition

Answer 1

passively absorb nutrients from environment

feed on the dead

fungi

Question 2

fungal cell wall

Answer 2

made mostly of sugar- polysaccharides

ergosterol

Question 3

why are fungi considered bad antigens

Answer 3

poor immune response because cell wall has little protein- body tends to not see fungi

fungi have polysaccharide and ergosterol cell walls

Question 4

antifungals attack

Answer 4

ergosterol in fungi cell wall

ergosterol found in other places- can cause side effects

Question 5

2 forms of fungi

Answer 5

yeast
mold

Question 6

yeast are —- fungi the reproduce via —

Answer 6

single cell
budding

Question 7

mold are — fungi that reproduce via —

Answer 7

multicellular
filamentous structures called hyphae

Question 8

— produce filamentous structures called hyphae

Answer 8

mold

type of fungi

Question 9

— can switch between yeast and mold based on different environments

Answer 9

dimorphic fungi

Question 10

— is non infectious and — is infectious in dimorphic fungi

Answer 10

yeast (in animals)
mold (in environment)

Question 11

how do humans get dimorphic fungi

Answer 11

from the shared environment
not zoonotic

Question 12

most diagnosis of fungi is by

Answer 12

cytology by a clinical pathologist

cytology= aspirate

Question 13

a major differential for a fungal infection is —

Answer 13

pyogranulomatous inflammatory disease

Question 14

fungi culture

Answer 14

can be dangerous for lab personal- send to special lab
takes 28days on special culture
susceptibilty testing very expensive

Question 15

antigen testing for fungi

Answer 15

can lack specificity- cross reaction with plasmalyte fluids and antimicrobial drugs

Question 16

antibody testing for fungi

Answer 16

fungi poor antigens- host does not really react
antibody test can be difficult

Question 17

why is PCR difficult for fungi

Answer 17

cell wall is difficult to disrupt

Question 18

thrush is caused by

Answer 18

Candida (yeast) (candidiasis)

nosocromial (hospital) infection caused by antimicrobial use

Question 19

malassezia pachydermatis cause

Answer 19

Dermatitis, otitis and pododermatitis secondary to hypersensitivity is common.

crusty brown nails

pathogenic yeast

Question 20

— look like gram + snowman or peanut

Answer 20

malassezia pachydermatis

pathogenic yeast- cause dematitis, otitis- crusty nails

Question 21

Answer 21

malassezia pachydermatis

yeast- cause dermatitis, otitis, crusty nails

Question 22

— causes nasal cryptococcosis in cats

Answer 22

cryptococcus neoformans
(C. gattii)

true pathogen- yeast- attack neuro and respiratory

Question 23

cryptococcus neoformans cause —

Answer 23

swelling in face- nasal crypotococcosis in cats and people

C. gattii can also cause this

pathogenic yeast- true pathogen

Question 24

— is a major neurologic and respiratory pathogen of immunosuppressed people and animals.

Answer 24

cryptococcus neoformans

inhaled from pigeon poop

nasal crytopcoccosis in cats- pathogenic yeast

Question 25

---- yeast is found in pigeon poop

Answer 25

cryptococcus neoformans (C. gattii) | nasal swelling in cats ## Footnote pathogenic yeast

Question 26

Answer 26

cryptococus neoformans (C. gattii) really big capsule! ## Footnote yeast

Question 27

the capsule of --- is the key antigen for antigen testing

Answer 27

crypotococcus neoformans (c. gattii) have very big capsule easy to test for ## Footnote yeast

Question 28

two types of mold

Answer 28

hyaline dematiaceous

Question 29

hyaline mold produce ----. can cause ---- infections

Answer 29

no melanin opportunistic Hyalohyphomycosis.

Question 30

Dematiaceous molds produce ----. Can cause --- infections called ---

Answer 30

melanin (rare) but severe Chromoblastomycosis

Question 31

what type of mold produces melanin

Answer 31

Dematiaceous molds (rare) but severe infections collectively called Chromoblastomycosis.

Question 32

what type of mold produces opportunistic infections

Answer 32

Hyaline molds produce no melanin. Can cause opportunistic infections called Hyalohyphomycosis.

Question 33

dermatophytes are caused by

Answer 33

hyaline molds (no pigment) Microsporum (Nannezia), Trychophyton and Epidermaphyton

Question 34

ringworm is caused by

Answer 34

Dermatophytosis hyaline mold (no pigment) Microsporum canis

Question 35

--- is the most common opportunisitic mold

Answer 35

aspergillus

Question 36

--- is a type of mold that effects german shepherds

Answer 36

Systemic aspergillosis

Question 37

microsporum canis causes ---

Answer 37

ringworm in cats hyaline mold (no pigement)

Question 38

penicillium is a --

Answer 38

hyaline mold- no pigement

Question 39

Alternaria is a ---

Answer 39

dematiaceous mold produce melanin black mold

Question 40

--- is the sugar in the cell wall of aspergillus

Answer 40

galactomannan ## Footnote mold fungi

Question 41

--- causes rose handlers disease

Answer 41

sporothrix schenkii ## Footnote dimorphic fungi- spread by contact with infected plants, rare cats to human

Question 42

sporothrix schenkii cause

Answer 42

lesions along face and limbs rose handlers disease spread by dimorphic fungi on plants rare cats to human

Question 43

blastomyces dermatiditis is common to

Answer 43

great lakes region and east 1/2 of USA ## Footnote dimorphic fungi

Question 44

blastomyces dermatiditis causes

Answer 44

Systemic disease (blastomycosis)- Respiratory and Cutaneous common ## Footnote dimorphic fungi

Question 45

how is blastomyces dermatiditis spread?

Answer 45

environmental soil replicate in the lungs and then spread through the body in the blood ## Footnote dimorphic fungi

Question 46

Answer 46

blastomyces dermatiditis ## Footnote dimorphic fungi

Question 47

--- is common fungi in the ohio river valley

Answer 47

histoplasma capsulatum ## Footnote dimorphic fungi

Question 48

histoplasma capsulatum cause ---

Answer 48

Systemic Disease (histoplasmosis): Respiratory, GI lesions ## Footnote dimorphic fungi, ohio river

Question 49

--- fungi is spread in bird and bat guano

Answer 49

histoplasma capsulatum ## Footnote dimorphic fungi- ohio river valley

Question 50

---- causes valley fever

Answer 50

coccidiodes immitis ## Footnote dimorphic fungi, southwest

Question 51

coccidiodes immitis cause

Answer 51

valley fever Systemic Disease (coccidiomycosis): Primarily respiratory, osteomyelitis, cutaneous ## Footnote dimorphic fungi, southwest

Question 52

how does coccidiodes immitis spread

Answer 52

fungi grow in soil of dry aird regions after a heavy rain ## Footnote dimorphic fungi, southwest

Question 53

Answer 53

green- coccidiodes immitis- valley fever blue- histoplasma capsulatum- bird and bat poop orange- blastomyces dermatiditis ## Footnote dimorphic fungi