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Fall 22: micro > Test 1: lecture 7: enterobacterales and campy > Flashcards

Test 1: lecture 7: enterobacterales and campy Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

what are the three main families of enterobacteriales

A

enterobacteriaceae (ecoli)

yersiniaceae (plaque)

morganellaceae (proteus)

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2
Q

__ are gram negative bacilli that ferment glucose, oxidase negative, catalase positive and non spore forming facultative anaerobes

A

enterobacterales

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3
Q

enterobacterales are oxidase ____ , catalase ___, ___
forming, facultative ____

A

negative,

positive

non-spore

anaerobes

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4
Q

___ ferment glucose

A

enterobacterales

(gram negative rods)

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5
Q

what test is used to differentiate different gram negative bacteria

A

oxidase test

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6
Q

what test is used to differentiate different gram positive bacteria

A

catalase (bubble test)

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7
Q

full name of E. coli

A

escherichia coli

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8
Q

O serotyping tests for ___

A

LPS antigen

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9
Q

H serotype test for ___ antigen

A

flagellar

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10
Q

K serotype test for ___ antigen

A

capsular

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11
Q

___ is a “old” typing technique, done in reference labs only.

A

serotyping

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12
Q

___ help E. coli adhere to host

A

fimbriae → adhesions

species specific

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13
Q

what are some general virulence factors of E. Coli

A

Adhesins: fimbriae, some of these are specific for particular host species.

Capsules: antibactericidal & antiphagocytic

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is an endotoxin cause fever, endothelial damage/disseminated intravascular coagulation and endotoxic shock

Toxins- Diarrheagenic, Necrotoxins

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14
Q

what type of E.coli is normally found in poop

A

commensal pathotypic group

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15
Q

what type of E. Coli would you find in diarrhea

A

intestinal pathogenic

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16
Q

what kind of E. Coli would you find in UTI infections?

A

ExPec

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17
Q

what are 4 types of ExPEC

A

ExPEC

extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli

Uropathogenic (UPEC)

Septicemic (SEPEC)

Avian pathogenic (APEC)

Neonatal Meningitis (NMEC)

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18
Q

what are three non-enteric E coli infections

____ in poultry

Urinary tract infections (UTI) – not all caused by ___

___ Mastitis - lactating cows & sows

A

Colibacillosis

UPEC (uropathogenic which is a subtype of extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli (ExPEC))

Coliform

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19
Q

___ infections are found in the hospital

A

nosocomial

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20
Q

colibacillosis is caused by ___ and is found in

A

APEC

birds

avian pathogenic

subtype of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli

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21
Q

what needs to be present for UTI

A

clinical signs and bacteria present

be careful prescribing antibiotics

common in dogs, rare in cats

can be caused by non-enteric E. coli infection

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22
Q

improper milking hygiene can cause ___ ,which is a ___ E. coli infection

A

coliform mastitis

non-enteric (ExPEC)

environmental

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23
Q
A

EPEC (enteropthaogenic E. coli)

type of intestinal pathogen E. coli

EPEX attach by intimin → will cause pedestal formation of the villi in the small and large intestine → decreases the surface area by squishing the villi → malabsorptive diarrhea

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24
Q

what kind of diarrhea does EPEC cause?

A

malabsorptive diarrhea

EPEC → enteropathogenic E. Coli type of non toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli

EPEC attach to microvilli in the small intestine and the proximal large intestine and cause a shape change → pedestal formation

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25
where do EPEC tend to be most effective
**distal small intestine and the proximal large intestine** enteropathogenic E. Coli type of **non toxigenic** intestinal pathogenic E. coli cause malabsorptive diarrhea
26
EPEC causes characteristic ____ formation
attaching and effacing lesions (pedestals) EPEC → enteropathogenic E. Coli type of **non toxigenic** intestinal pathogenic E. coli
27
AIEC
**adherent invasive E. Coli** type of **non toxigenic intestinal** pathogenic E. coli will invade into enterocytes and survive in vacuoles and cause chronic inflammation and granuloma formation **boxer Dog colitis → treat with enrofloxacin (baytril)**
28
AIEC can be treated with
enrofloxacin baytril also called Boxer Dog colitis adherent invasive E coli → type of non toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli
29
Boxer Dog colitis is caused by \_\_\_
AIEC **adherent invasive E. Coli** type of **non toxigenic intestinal** pathogenic E. coli
30
what kind of diarrhea dos ETEC cause?
secretory diarrhea (watery and non bloody) enterotoxigenic E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E.coli
31
explain how ETEC works
ETEC → enterotoxigenic E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E.coli produces 2 major toxins **heat labile** → cause increased activity of adenylate cyclase → increases intracellular cAMP → prevents Na absorption and increased Cl excretion → water follows salt **heat stable** → same pathway but with cGMP causes secretory diarrhea (watery and non bloody) major caused of neonatal diarrhea in calves, lambs, piglets and foals (livestock)
32
\_\_ is the major cause of neonatal production animal diarrhea
ETEC → enterotoxigenic E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E.coli cause secretory diarrhea (watery and non bloody) **heat labile and heat stable** → prevents Na into cell → water leaves cell
33
what two toxins do ETEC produce
**heat labile** → activates adenylate cyclase → cAMP increases **heat stable** → activates guanylate cyclase → cGMP increases **enterotoxigenic E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E.coli**
34
what are two non-toxigenic intestinal E. coli
EPEC→ enteropathogenic E. coli AIEC → adherent and invasive E. coli
35
what are two types of toxigenic intestinal E. coli
ETEC → enterotoxigenic E coli Shiga Toxin E. coli
36
ETEC → enterotoxigenic E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E.coli cause secretory diarrhea toxins: heat labile and heat stable
37
STEC
shiga toxin → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli cause blood diarrhea will bind to **Gb3** receptor on **Endothelial cel**l→ endocytosis → causes adenine to be removed from ribosomes and halts protein synthesis → **host cell death** → ruptured capillaries/blood vessel walls
38
\_\_\_ will Bind Gb3 (receptor on Endothelial cells)→ Endocytosis→ Removes an adenine from ribosome and halts protein synthesis→ Host cell death
STEC→ shiga toxin E coli → type of toxigenic intestinal E. coli cause blood vessel damage → blood diarrhea
39
what type of E. coli causes bloody diarrhea
STEC→ shiga toxin E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli
40
STEC → shiga toxin also called pig edema disease E. coli enterotoxemia cause blood diarrhea
41
pig edema disease is caused by
shiga toxin E. coli STEC **F18 pili strain** that produces **Stx2e toxin**
42
what are the symptoms of Pig edema disease
sudden death, neurologic disease (paddling) caused by F18 pili strain of E. coli that produces shiga toxin Stx2e type of STEC → shiga toxin E. coli
43
E. coli enterotoxemia is also called
pig edema disease type of STEC → shiga toxin E. coli
44
EHEC
enterohemorrhagic E. coli produce both **attaching and effacing lesions** and produce **shiga-like toxins** O157:H7 → asymptomatic in adult cattle → causes disease in humans (hemolytic uremic syndrome HUS) type of shiga toxin→ type of toxigenic intestinal pathogenic E. coli
45
EHEC produce both\_\_\_ AND produce \_\_\_
attaching and effacing lesions shiga-like toxins enterohemorrhagic E. coli (O157:H7)
46
\_\_\_\_ is the prototype EHEC.
O157:H7 type of STEC (shiga toxin E. coli)
47
EHEC can cause ___ in humans
hemolytic uremic syndrome enterohemorrhagic E. coli (type of shiga toxin E. coli)
48
\_\_\_ are the asymptomatic reservoir of EHEC
adult cattle O157:H7 → enterohemorrhagic E. coli → type of shiga toxin E. coli
49
romaine lettuce can carry what type of E. coli
EHEC → enterohemorrhagic E. coli → type of shiga toxin E. coli → type of toxigenic intestinal E. coli
50
what type of Agar is used to grow E. coli
MacConkey **lactose ferementer → bright pink +, dull tan -** made of c**rystal violet and bile salts** bile salts will kill off other bacteria but E. coli will survive and grow
51
MacConkey Agar is used \_\_\_
**E. coli →** bright pink for + lactose fermenter **Salmonella →** dull tan for - lactose fermenter high bile acids to kill other bacteria
52
how to identify E. coli in a sterile sample
culture with MacConkeys Agar
53
how to identify E. coli in a non sterile site
PCR identification of the toxin genes
54
compare infectious dose of campylobacter vs salmonella
salmonella → very high 10,000s campylobacter → very low 500!
55
Salmonella ___ is the most common species
enterica
56
\_\_\_ is an acid sensitive gram - bacteria
salmonella
57
salmonella is + or - lactose fermenter
negative will grow as tan/dull on MacConkey agar plate
58
what type of salmonella is common in turtles
salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae
59
what is the leading bacterial food borne pathogen
salmonella
60
salmonella takes ___ hours to cause symptoms
12
61
symptoms of non host specialist strains of salmonella
acute or chronic GI illness over 12 hours usually 3-5 days fever, malaise, anorexia and vomiting, pain and diarrhea diarrhea → watery, mucoid, bloody if severe
62
when does salmonella cause septicemia
host restricted or host adapted serovars **host restricted** → only cause illness in specific host→ S. typhi → typhoid fever in humans **host adapted** → if another species gets that type will get diarrhea, if it is for the specific host will cause septicemia → S. Dublin → calves, cause pneumonia
63
how do you make a diagnosis of salmonellosis
isolation of bacteria and clinical signs use XLD agar (red ring around black circle) or MacConkey agar (dull tan)
64
Salmonella is \_\_\_– a single negative culture NEVER rules out salmonellosis
shed intermittently can be asymptomatically
65
how to treat salmonella
**supportive therapy→** fluids **diarrhea only** → antibiotics can increase resistance and cause prolonged shedding! ANTIBIOTICS BAD **systemic disease**→ TMS, chloramphenicol, 3rd gen cephalosporin, fluroquinolones
66
why not treat diarrhea cause by salmonella with antibitotics
cause increased shedding and can lead to resistance
67
\_\_\_ is the agent of the plague
**Yersinia pestis** zoonotic disease rodent reservoir → ticks transfer to humans
68
3 forms of plague
yersinia pestis ## Footnote Bubonic Plague pneumonic plaque septicemic plague
69
bubonic plague
Usually results from the bite of infected fleas. Lymphadenitis → “Bubos” caused by **yersinia pestis**
70
pneumonic plague
secondary severe pneumonia from other body sites. Direct infection by **respiratory droplets**, causing primary pulmonary plague in the recipients **(human-to-human).** bubos to the lunds caused by yersinia pestis
71
septicemic plague
Dissemination of the infection in the bloodstream results in **meningitis**, **endotoxic shock** and disseminated intravascular coagulation **(DIC).** caused by **yersinia pestis**
72
Cats are highly susceptible to plague and are a common source of ____ infection in humans (owners and veterinarians).
Yersinia pestis
73
clinical signs of plague in a cat
**submandibular lymphadenitis** swollen lymph nodes → can look like an abscess yersinia pestis
74
plague → yersinia pestis pasteurella
75
plague looks ___ microscopically
bipolar staining, ovoid gram negative organism ## Footnote **safety pin appearance** **yersinia pestis**
76
corn chip smell of dogs feet is from \_\_\_
proteus P. mirabilis or P. vulgaris
77
where is proteus found
soil, water and poop
78
what two bacteria cause struvite urolithiasis
proteus staphylococcus pseudintermedius
79
proteus can cause what three symptoms
ear infection UTI → struvite urolithiasis (staph pseudointermedius can also cause this→ urease +) make feet smell like corn chips
80
proteus (gram -)
81
klebsiella is normally found \_\_\_
GI and mucosal surfaces
82
klebsiella has a ___ that allows for it to survive in the host
**capsule** is a prominent virulence factor
83
klebsiella is isolated from \_\_\_ (horses, swine, dogs) \_\_\_(mares) \_\_\_\_ (diabetic patients)
Secondary bacterial pneumonia Endometritis Abscesses **K. pneumoniae**
84
klebsiella → K. pneumoniae large capsule inherently **resistant to ampicillin**
85
Klebsiella is resistant to \_\_\_
ampicillin
86
\_\_\_ causes skin infections, meningitis, bacteremia (bacterial blood infection), pneumonia, and urinary tract infections. • OFTEN EXTENSIVELY DRUG RESISTANT
enterobacter cloacae
87
\_\_\_\_ occurs naturally in soil and water and produces a red pigment at room temperature.
serratia marcescens cause urinary and respiratory infections, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septicemia, wound infections, eye infections, and meningitis. (ear infection)
88
campylobacter look
sea gull shape curved, spiral or S-shaped one polar flagellum at one or both ends
89
\_\_\_ will have one polar flagellum at one or both ends
campylobacter
90
campylobacter gram - bacteria
91
campylobacter like to grow in \_\_\_
microaerophilic (3-6% O2) 42 degrees → temp of the gut requires a specific culture to grow in a lab
92
campylobacter is found in the intestine of \_\_\_
birds
93
what is the infectious dose of campylobacter
very low! only 500 cells
94
what are two main species of campylobacter
C. jejuni → chicken(fowl), cattle dogs C. coli → pigs and dogs
95
campylobacter can cause ___ in humans
guillain- barre syndrome
96
symptoms of campylobacter
**Acute diarrhea** - mild loose feces, mucus, watery or bile-streaked diarrhea, 5- 15 days duration, partial anorexia & occasional vomiting. Diarrhea can be **chronic** and last 2 or more weeks, or it can be intermittent. In some cases it can be present for several months usually found in young dogs, can be asymptomatic
97
how to treat campylobacter
tylosin (tylan powder) erythromycin

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

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