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Fall 22: micro > Test 2: retro > Flashcards

Test 2: retro Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

baltimore classification

A

positive sense RNA into negative sense DNA then added into host DNA

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2
Q

retrovirus are

A

enveloped, diploid linear positive sense ssRNA

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3
Q

retrovirus bring — into the cell with them

A

reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
integrase- helps put viral DNA into host chromosome
protease- cleaves
tRNA- primer for reverse transcription reaction

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4
Q

— which mediates insertion of viral DNA into host
chromosome

A

Integrase

retorovirus

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5
Q

— which cleaves specific sites within Gag and Gag-
Pol precursor protein

A

Protease

retrovirus

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6
Q

retrovirus has what three genes

A

gag
pol
env

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7
Q

— are found at the beginning and the end of the retrovirus gene

A

LTR- long terminal repeats

acts an enhancer and promoter- can accidently cause cancer by triggering the wrong gene

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8
Q

Gag protein creates

A

structural
matrix, capsid, nucleocapsid

retrovirus

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9
Q

Pol protein encodes for —

A

protease
reverse transcriptase (DNA polymerase and RNase H activity)
integrase

retrovirus

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10
Q

Env protein encodes for

A

surface glycoprotein
transmembrane protein

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11
Q

accessory genes in retroviruses help

A

promote viral expression
avoid host immune system

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

retrovirus binds to host cell by —

A

surface envelope proteins

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14
Q

retrovirus gets into host cell by

A

virus host cell membrane fusion

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15
Q

diploid ssRNA retrovirus becomes — inside the host cell

A

reserve transcriptase into dsDNA that will move into nucleus and integrase enzyme will insert dsDNA randomly into host genome

provirus

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16
Q

what is a retrovirus provirus?

A

diploid ssRNA will reverse transcriptase into dsDNA and be randomly added into the host genome with the help of integrase enzyme

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17
Q

transcription of retrovirus is by

A

host RNA polymerase II

retro first reverse transcriptase into dsDNA, integrase adds it to host DNA, then RNA polymerase comes in and makes viral mRNA

LTR at the beginning and end of the viral genome will help trigger the RNA polymerase to start its job

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18
Q

how does retrovirus get out of the cell

A

virion budding

host cell does not die!

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19
Q

protease helps retrovirus —

A

translation and viron assembly

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20
Q

surface encelope protein for retrovirus is —

A

host/species specific

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21
Q

because retrovirus are — they can be killed by disinfectants

A

enveloped

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22
Q

why are animals considered persistently infected for retoviruses

A

viral genome added into host genome- even if not shedding can not get rid of the provirus retroviral dsDNA

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23
Q

— in retrovirus has no proof reading and leads to high mutation

A

reverse transcriptase

takes diploid viral ssRNA into dsDNA

mutations make it hard for host to see virus

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24
Q

genetic transmission of retrovirus leads to

Study These Flashcards
A

endogenous retovirus

part of the genome- passed to baby

25
3 ways retroviruses can cause cancer
insertional mutagenesis capture and expression of host proto-oncogene direct coding of oncogenic proteins
26
insertional mutagenesis of retrovirus cause cancer by
trigger the over expression of host proto-oncogenes leading to uncontrolled cell growth LTR can effect genes that are close - **cis- activation** tat can effect gene that are far away- **trans-activation**
27
cis-activation of cellular oncogenes by retrovirus
LTR will trigger transcription of host proto-oncogene that is close by
28
trans-activation of cellular oncogenes by retrovirus
accessory gene **TAT** is free floating transcriptional activator, will float around and activate host genes
29
c-onc
(cellular oncogene, aka proto-oncogene), a normal gene that is involved in cell growth and division of host cell
30
v-onc
(viral oncogene), a cellular oncogene incorporated in the viral genome normal host gene is put into the viral genome- now has no controlling factors and will replicate with the virus
31
many V-onc containing ciruses are --- and require a replication competent --- to provide missing viral proteins
replication defective (it is broken) helper virus (helps restart the virus)
32
--- is replication incompetent and needs co infection with feline leukemia virus to replicate
Feline sarcoma virus
33
Feline leukemia virus host are ---
domestic and wild cats
34
--- is the loving virus and is spread by mutual grooming and fleas
Feline leukemia virus ## Footnote retrovirus
35
transmission of FeLV is by
mutual grooming and fleas loving virus ## Footnote retrovirus
36
what version of FeLV cause anemia and immunosuppression
exogenous FeLV-A | can mutate with endogenous FeLV to form FeLV-B that causes lymphoma
37
FeLV-B
oncogenic- cause lymphoma in cats caused by exogenous virus (FeLV-A- anemia and immunosuppression) mutates with endogenous virus and creates FeLV-B ## Footnote retrovirus
38
Feline sarcoma virus
host needs to be infected with FeLV for feline sarcoma virus to replicate (oncogene capture) recombination of FeLB with host cell genome containing oncogenes needs envelope glycoprotein from FeLV old cats- solitary tumors young cats- multifocal tumors ## Footnote retrovirus
39
---- is the fighting virus
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) transmission in saliva, blood, transplacental cause infection of lymphocytes, monocytes and loss of CD4 T cells
40
how is FIV trasmitted
in saliva, blood; Biting: Virus is present in saliva, fighting males, queen to kittens. Vertical: transplacental Fight disease ## Footnote retorvirus
41
symptoms of FIV
chronic gingivitis, infection of lymphocytes, decreases T cell, lymphadenopathy, leukopenia | feline immunodeficiency virus ## Footnote retrovirus
42
is a cat is FIV positive on Snap test
possible infection can be false positive from vaccine
43
positive FeLV snap test
definite infection but doesn't tell A(anemia) or B(cancer) ## Footnote retrovirus
44
FIV or FeLV cause cancer
FeLV FIV- cause immunofeficiency- lentivirus- decreased T cell count
45
equine infectious anemia virus host are ---
horses donkeys, mules, zebra
46
equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is spread by
blood born- horse flies ## Footnote retrovirus
47
Equine infectious anemia virus cause
lentivirus infectes macrophages and then lymphocytes fever, anemia, bloodstained feces 80% fatal acute or chronic relapsing disease ## Footnote retrovirus
48
treatement for equine infectious anemia virus
NO treatment must be isolated for life or culled disease can be chronic relapsing disease with asymptomatic but persistent infection ## Footnote retrovirus
49
treatment for FeLV
vaccine keep cats seperated- no grooming
50
test for EIAV
coggins test antigen- subjective interpretation | equine infectious anemia virus ## Footnote retrovirus
51
Caprine arthritis-encephalomyelitis (CAE) is caused by
infected milk if you remove kids reduce infection rate by 90% ## Footnote retrovirus in goats
52
two syndromes caused by CAE
1) encephalomyelitis in kids 2-4 months of age, (paralyzed hind end) 2) arthritis in goats from about 12 months of age onward. | caprine arthritis-encephalomyelitis (CAE) ## Footnote retrovirus
53
bovine leukemia virus host are
cattle and water buffalo ## Footnote deltaretrovirus
54
transmission of bovine leukemia virus
through bodily fluids- blood and milk ## Footnote deltaretrovirus
55
symtoms of bovine leukemia virus
Most cases subclinical, 30% eventually develop persistent lymphocytosis **without clinical signs** * 1-3% Develop multicentric lymphosarcoma by 4-8 years of age ## Footnote deltaretrovirus
56
what retrovirus may lead to human breast cancer?
bovine leukemia virus ## Footnote deltaretrovirus
57
transmission of avian leukosis virus
horizontally congenitally genetically ## Footnote alpharetrovirus
58
symptoms of avian leukosis virus
Horizontal transmission often apathogenic, some develop leukemia or lymphoma.- **chronic viremia, tolerance, + leukemia** Congenital infection – high rates of shedding, develop various neoplastic conditions, **no viremia, no leukemia** | RSV ## Footnote alpharetrovirus

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

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