Test 2: OIB Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
chlamydia is what type of bacteria?
A
obligate intracellular bacteria
(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)
2
Q
what drug for chlamydia
A
tetracycline
(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)
3
Q
chlamydia are unable to make ___
A
ATP
uses host machinery
(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)
4
Q
____ forms of chlamydia have virtually NO biochemical activity
A
Extracellular
(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)
5
Q
cell wall of chlamydia
A
gram - like
A cysteine-rich protein layer NOT thought to contain peptidoglycan.
(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)
6
Q
What is the chlamydia anomaly?
A
- sensitive to penicillin which attacks peptidogylcan
- they have the genes to make peptidogylcan- used for divison instead
- have cysteine rich protein layer instead
(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)
7
Q
life cycle of chlamydia
A
8
Q
elemental bodies are the —- form of chlamydia
A
infectious and metabolically inactive
9
Q
—- are the infectious and metabolically inactive form of chlamydia
A
elemental body
10
Q
chlaymdia elementary bodies are taken up by — cells via —
A
epithelial cells
endocytosis (heparin receptor)
11
Q
EBs turn into —
A
reticulate bodies - non infectious form and develops once ATP is available
chlamydia
12
Q
— are the non-infectious form of chlamydia that develop once — is available
A
reticulate body
ATP
found inside epithelial cells
13
Q
reticular bodies undergo — to generate more RBs
A
binary fission
14
Q
how does chlaymdia get out of the cell
A
RB regress into EBs
cell is lysed
EBs are released
cycle repeats
15
Q
chlamydia infect what type of cells
A
epithelial cells
16
Q
chlamydia
the — is metabolically inactive, but infectious
the — is metabolically active, but not infectious
A
elementary body
reticulate body
17
Q
tetracycline in young animals cause
A
doxycycline → enamel hypoplasia
18
Q
fluoroquinolones cause — in young animals
A
joint issues (cartilage defects)
19
Q
chlamydia psittaci is also called — in humans
and —- in animals
A
psittacosis
parrot fever
20
Q
Chlamydia psittaci can be spread by —
A
Transmission often by inhalation of
litter/feces’
EB in the epithelial cells of the GI tract are sloughed off in feces
21
Q
clinical signs of Chlamydia psittaci
A
Clinical signs in birds: conjunctivitis, respiratory, unkempt, yellow-green droppings, innappetance, weight loss
22
Q
what type of chamydia effect koala
A
chlamydia pneumoniae
Dirty Tail
23
Q
Dirty tail is caused by — and presents with —
A
chlamydia pneumoniae
Koala
UTI, incontinence, blindness, URI, infertility
transmitted by respiratory and sexually
24
Q
what are the two biovar of chlamydia pneumoniae
A
koala → dirty tail→ UTI, URI, infertility and blindness
Equine → URI
25
Chlamydia felis causes ---
Conjunctivitis and URI
(particularly kittens)
| Coinfection with FHV-1 or Mycoplasma
26
Chlamydia abortus effects ---
ruminants
| placentitis with cotyledonary necrosis
27
--- is the agent of enzootic abortion of ewes
Chlamydia abortus
| effects ruminants
28
Chlamydia pecorum effects ---
ruminants
29
symptoms of Chlamydia pecorum
Polyarthritis
* Conjunctivitis
* Pneumonia
* Metritis/Abortion
* Encephalomyelitis
| effects ruminants
30
--- is the agent of Q(query) fever in humans
Coxiella burnetti
## Footnote
obligate intracellular bacteria- (Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)
31
what drug for Coxiella burnetii
tetracycline
## Footnote
(Chlamydia, coxiella, Richettsiales)
32
ruminant disease is caused by --
Coxiella burnetii
33
Coxiella burnetii causes ---- in ruminants
URI
abortion →abortion storms
| ruminant disease
34
massive abortion storms can be caused by
ruminant disease
Coxiella burnetii
35
Coxiella burnetii can be transmitted via --- (often after
contact with aborted tissues).
inhalation or ingestion
tick bites?
36
Coxiella burnetii cause --- symptoms in humans
**Q fever**
mild flu
endocarditis is chronic disease
37
---can also be spread by wind currents.
Coxiella burnetii
| Q fever and ruminant disease (abortions)
38
life cycle of Coxiella burnetii
## Footnote
Q fever and ruminant disease (abortions)
39
--- are the metabolically inactive form of coxiella burnetii
**small cell variant**→spore like stable in the environment
40
-- are spore like, osmotically stable in the environment
small cell variant
| Coxiella burnetii
Q fever and ruminant diease (abortion)
41
what type of cells fo Coxiella burnetti invade?
macrophage and monocytes
| invade by phagocytosis
## Footnote
Q fever and ruminant disease (abortions)
42
how do SCV get into cells
phagocytosis by monocytes/macrophages
## Footnote
Coxiella burnetii - Q fever and ruminant disease (abortions)
43
when SCV fuse with the lysosome it becomes
large cell variant (LCV)
## Footnote
Coxiella burnetti
44
the --- pH of the phagolysozome leads to SCV into LCV
low (4.5-5)
## Footnote
Coxiella burnetii - Q fever and ruminant disease (abortion)
45
what version of Coxiella burnetii replicates
large cell variant while inside the lysosome of the macropage
46
how does Coxiella burnetii get realeased from the cell
LCV will replicate until the cell bursts
LCV will then convert back into SCV
47
when does the conversion from LCV to SCV take place
in the environment after LCV replications causes macrophage to burst
## Footnote
Coxiella burnetii
48
treatment for Coxiella brunetii
tetracycline
animals usually culled
## Footnote
Q fever and ruminant disease (abortion)
49
2 bacteria from neorickettsia
N. helminthoaeca
N. risticii
50
3 bacteria from Ehrlichia genera
E. canis
E. chaffeensis
E. ewingii
51
3 bacteria from Anaplasma
A. platys
A. marginale
A. phagocytophilum
52
Agent of Potomac Horse Fever (PHF)
Neorickettsia risticii
## Footnote
N. Helminthoeca-salmon, N. risticii-PHF
53
two rickettsiaceae that effect horses
**Neorickettsia risticii**
Agent of Potomac Horse Fever (PHF)
**Anaplasma phagocytophilum**
Formally Ehrlichia equi
54
rickettsiaceae that effect ruminants
**Anaplasma marginale**
Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”
**Anaplasma phagocytophilum**
Agent of Tick-Borne Fever
(Limited to EUROPE)
**Coxiella burnettii**
55
6 rickettsiaceae that effect dogs
**Rickettsia rickettsii**
Agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
**Neorickettsia helmonthoeca**
Agent of Salmon Poisoning
**Ehrlichia canis**
Agent of Canine Monocytic Erlichiosis
Also occassionally Ehrlichia chaffeensis (more common in
humans)
**Ehrlichia ewingii**
Agent of Canine Granulocytic Erlichiosis
**Anaplasma phagocytophilum** **Anaplasma platys**
56
--- is the agent of Potomac Horse Fever (PHF)/Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis
Neorickettsia risticii
5-30% fatal
mayflies and snails intermediate hosts
macrophages
| cause acute diarrhea
57
Neorickettsia risticii cause
acute diarrhea
5-30% fatal
aka. Potomac Horse Fever (PHF)/Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis
attack macrophages
seasonal disease around water
| horse flies, snails are intermediate hosts
58
--- are the intermediate hosts of Neorickettsia risticii
caddisflies, mayflies, and trematodes of snails
| Potomac Horse Fever (PHF)/Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis- acute diarrhea
59
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is transmitted by ---
Ixodes ticks
| same tick that carries lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
## Footnote
horses - Fever, depression, inappetance, leukopenia-
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness
attack neutrophils
60
Anaplasma phagocytophilum effects what animals
horses and dogs
| spread by ixodes ticks
## Footnote
horse- Ehrlichia equi- FUO, leukopenia
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness
attack neutophils
61
Anaplasma phagocytophilum infect what type of cell
granulocytes
transmitted by tick
## Footnote
horse- Ehrlichia equi- FUO, leukopenia
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness
attack neutrophils
62
--- infects granulocytes and cause fever, depression, inappetance and leukopenia
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
| spread by ixodes ticks to horses and dogs
## Footnote
attack neutrophils
63
--- is the agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”
Anaplasma marginale
64
Anaplasma marginale cause ---
Fever, anorexia, weight loss, then severe anemia.
will infect erythocytes (RBC) and cause immune response leading to RBC being eaten by macrophages
| takes >5 weeks, 30-50% fatal
65
Anaplasma marginale is transmitted by ---
ticks
mechanical transmission by biting flies or comtaminated fomites such as needles or dehorning instruments
## Footnote
Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”
66
what type of cell does Anaplasma marginale
infect
RBC
leads to severe anemia, fever and weight loss
| grow in the morulae at margin of cell
## Footnote
Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”
67
what response does the body have to Anaplasma marginale
infects RBC
cause anemia because macrophages eat RBC
## Footnote
Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”
68
Anaplasma marginale
| infect RBC- grow in margin
## Footnote
Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”
69
how long is the incubation phase of Anaplasma marginale
5 weeks leads to fever, anorexia, weight loss, then severe anemia.
| infects RBC
## Footnote
Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis”
70
Fever, anorexia, weight loss, then severe anemia are symptoms of ---
Anaplasma marginale
## Footnote
Agent of “Bovine Anaplasmosis” - infect RBC
71
what cells do Neorickettsia risticii infect
macrophages and enterocytes of horses
## Footnote
Potomac Horse Fever (PHF)- diarrhea
72
ixodes ticks transmit
lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
**Anaplasma phagocytophilum**- fever and leukopenia in horses; fever and lameness in dogs
73
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
| spread by ticks- infect granulocytes - **neutophils**, basophils
## Footnote
horse- Ehrlichia equi- FUO, leukopenia
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness
74
Agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rickettsia rickettsii
75
Rickettsia rickettsii is spread by
ticks
76
Rickettsia rickettsii effect what type of cells
endothelial cells
## Footnote
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
77
Rickettsia rickettsii cause --- symptoms
HIGH fever, cutaneous and mucosal lesions/edema
## Footnote
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
78
what animals are the primary host of Rickettsia rickettsii
rodents
| ticks carry disease to accidental/incidental host humans and dogs
79
treatment for Rickettsia rickettsii
Doxycycline
## Footnote
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
80
--- is the agent of salmon poisoining
Neorickettsia helmonthoeca
## Footnote
attack macrophages
81
aNeorickettsia helmonthoeca cause what symptoms
fever, depression, anorexia, diarrhea and **lymphadenopathy**, 50-90% fatality without treatment
## Footnote
attack macrophages
salmon posioning
82
what is the reservoir for Neorickettsia helmonthoeca
salmon flukes
83
how to transmit Neorickettsia helmonthoeca
eating fluke infected fish
| will attack macrophages
## Footnote
salmon posioning
attack macrophage
84
what cells will Neorickettsia helmonthoeca attack
macrophage
## Footnote
salmon poisoning
85
Diagnosis can be supported by detection on fluke eggs in feces/detection of organism in LN aspirates.
Neorickettsia helmonthoeca
## Footnote
Salmon Poisoning
86
Agent of Canine Monocytic Erlichiosis
Ehrlichia canis
87
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is another name for
Ehrlichia canis
## Footnote
Agent of Canine Monocytic Erlichiosis
88
Ehrlichia canis infects what cells
**monocytes** and macrophages
## Footnote
Canine Monocytic Erlichiosis
89
Ehrlichia canis causes what symptoms
Fever, thrombocytopenia
## Footnote
Canine Monocytic Erlichiosis
90
Ehrlichia canis
## Footnote
Canine Monocytic Erlichiosis
attack monocytes
91
tropical canine pancytopenia is caused by
severe chronic disease of E. canis
| fever, petechiae, oedema, potentially fatal
92
Agent of Canine Granulocytic
Erlichiosis
Ehrlichia ewingii
## Footnote
attack neutrophils
93
Ehrlichia ewingii cause what symptoms
polyarthritis,
fever, and thrombocytopenia
## Footnote
Agent of Canine Granulocytic Erlichiosis
attack neutrophils
94
Ehrlichia ewingii
## Footnote
Agent of Canine Granulocytic Erlichiosis
attack neutrophils
95
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is trasmitted by
Ixodes ticks
| lyme disease - (co-infection with Borrelia)
## Footnote
horse- Ehrlichia equi- FUO, leukopenia
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness
attack neutrophils
96
Anaplasma phagocytophilum cause what symptoms in dogs
horse- Ehrlichia equi- FUO, leukopenia
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness
| spread by ixodes ticks
## Footnote
attack neutrophils
97
--- is MOST common lab abnormality of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs
Decreased platelets
## Footnote
horse- Ehrlichia equi- FUO, leukopenia
Dog- Granulocytic “ehrlichiosis”- fever, lameness
attack neutrophils
98
Anaplasma platys host is
ticks?
99
Anaplasma platys cause ---- in dogs
decreased platelets
100
what cells do Anaplasma platys infect
platelets
101
which Ehrlichia are potentially fatal
Ehrlichia canis can lead to **tropical canine pancytopenia**
infect macrophages
cause fever and thrombocytopenia
## Footnote
ehrlichia ewingii- infect granulocytes- attack neutrophils- cause polyarthritis and thrombocytopenia
102
why does a negative snap test not rule out disease
snap is for antibodies if acute disease will not have antibody formation yet
103
4 ways to diagnosis richettsial diseases
* detection of morula with confirmation by an expert (blood smear)
* a 4-fold increase in the antibody titer within 4 weeks
* a positive PCR test result using specific primers
* isolation from blood (not done in animals)
104
--- are intracytoplasmic inclusions of rickettsial
organisms.
morula
| see on blood smear
105
what rickettsial attack monocytes
Ehrlichia canis
## Footnote
thrombocytopenia
chronic cases can lead to tropical canine pancytopenia- petechia, oedema, +/- fatal
106
what rickettsial attack macrophages
Neorickettsia helmonthoeca
Neorickettsia risticii
## Footnote
N. H. - salmon poisioning- fever diarrhea, lymphadenopathy
N.R- potamac horse fever- diarrhea
107
what rickettsial attack neutrophils (granulocytes)
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Ehrlichia ewingii
## Footnote
A.P- spread by Ixodes Tick
horse- FUO, leukopenia
dog- lameness, fever, decreased platelets
E.E- polyarthritis, fever, thrombocytopenia
108
what rickettsial attack platelets
Anaplasma platys
## Footnote
decreased platelets
109
what rickettsial attack RBC
anaplasma marginale
## Footnote
bovive anaplamosis- cause anemia
110
what rickettsial attack endothelial cells
R. rickettsii
## Footnote
rocky mountain spotted fever- fever edema, hemorrhage
111
The SNAP test (and other rapid diagnostics) detect ANTIBODIES to --- and ---
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma.
| EVIDENCE OF EXPOSURE
## Footnote
E. canis- thrombocytopenia
chronic cases can lead to tropical canine pancytopenia- petechia, oedema, +/- fatal
E. ewingii- DOG- polyarthritis, fever, thrombocytopenia
A. phagocytophilum- spread by Ixodes Tick
horse- FUO, leukopenia
dog- lameness, fever, decreased platelets
A. platys- DOG- decreased platelets
112
what drug to treat rickettsial diseases
doxycycline
| Minocycline used for horses
