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Fall 22: micro > Test 1: other gram negatives > Flashcards

Test 1: other gram negatives Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

___ (zoonotic, reportable pathogens spread venearally)

A

Brucella

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2
Q

____(the agent of tularemia)

A

Francisella tularensis

rabbits and ticks→ lymphadennopathy, splenomegaly/necrosis

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3
Q

____ (the agent of contagious equine metritis-CEM)

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

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4
Q

____ (the agent of bovine Pinkeye)

A

Moraxella bovis

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5
Q

_____ (normal flora of dogs that can cause severe infections in people)

A

Capnocytophaga canimorsus

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6
Q

____ (the agent of contagious equine metritis-CEM)

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

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7
Q

Brucella will cause ___ in humans

A

undulant fever

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8
Q

how to get brucella

A

highly contagious zoonosis

ingest raw milk/meat

direct contact to secretions → repro (placenta)

have to usually report to authorities

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9
Q

pathogenesis of brucella

A

lives inside cells → forms brucellasomes

migrate to areas with high erythritol (sugar alcohol) → reproductive organs

also found in supra-mammary lymph nodes (milk), bones and joints

lifelong infection

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10
Q

brucella are attracted to ___ inside the cell

A

erythritol → sugar alcohol

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11
Q

males with bucellosis

A

enlarged sex organs → orchitis

sterility

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12
Q

females with brucellosis

A

abortion

reduced milk yield

infertility

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13
Q

juveniles with brucellosis will →

A

usually die

aka. poor doers

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14
Q

three types of smooth brucellae

A

B. suis → feral pigs→ cattle and dogs

brucella abortus → cattle and bison → undulant fever, fistulous withers →(wild bison in yellowstone) →slaughter surveillance and vaccine at 6-12 months (live attenuated

B. melitensis → goats and sheep cheese → foreign animal disease

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15
Q

two type of rough brucellae

A

B. ovis → sheep rams large sex organs. ewes resistant

B. canis → dogs → abortion → check before breeding → FUO, orchitis, discospondylitis → spay, cull, doxy

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16
Q

how to tell smooth from rough brucellae

A

smooth have a OPS added to the end of their LPS

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17
Q

B. ovis and B. canis are both ___

A

rough brucellae

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18
Q

Brucella abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis are all ___

A

smooth brucellae

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19
Q

Brucella is transmitted to humans by ___

A

contact with animal or animal products

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20
Q

Brucella abortus

A

type of smooth brucella

spread by contact with afterbirth or venerally

cause undulant fever in people

cause fistulous withers in horses (Actinomyces bovis also cause this)

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21
Q

what two things cause fistulous withers in horses

A

Brucella abortus

Actinomyces bovis → gram -, acid fast -

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22
Q

what are the reservoirs of brucella abortus and where are they found?

A

wild bison and elk in the yellowstone area

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23
Q

wild bison and elk in the yellowstone area are the last remaining reservoir of ___

A

brucella abortus in the US

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24
Q

Brucella abortus surveillance

A

national → slaughter and high risk states → card agglutination, ELISA

milk ring test → no longer federally funded → blue ring +

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25
what kind of vaccine for brucella abortus
RB51 → live attenuated can be spread to humans if needle poked, or shed in the raw milk of vaccinated cows federal→ 4-12 months heifer calves
26
RB51
live attenuated strain vaccine for **Brucella abortus** can be spread to human by needle poke or shed in raw milk products
27
\_\_\_\_ is the most readily transmitted of the Brucella species to humans
Brucella melitensis goat and sheep cheese
28
\_\_\_\_ is considered a foreign animal disease brucella
Brucella melitensis sheep and goat
29
Brucella melitensis can be found where in the world
not USA **foreign animal disease** southern Europe, middle east, parts of Asia and Latin America
30
Brucella suis is found where\_\_\_
wild feral swine can spread to cattle (usually beef)
31
feral swine act as the reservoir for \_\_\_
Brucella suis can be spread to cattle
32
\_\_\_ is a type of rough Brucella that is not zoonotic
Brucella ovis
33
Brucella ovis. ___ are affected and ___ are resistant
rams → epidydimitis and infertility ewes → can cause rare abortions
34
rams infected with ___ are have epidydimitis and be infertile
Brucella ovis found in sheep
35
\_\_\_\_ and ___ are brucellae found in sheep
**B. melitensis** → smooth → goats and sheep→ foreign animal disease **B. ovis** → sheep → rough → rams symptomatic, females resistant usually
36
\_\_\_ is an important cause of infertility and abortion in dogs
Brucella canis → rough brucella
37
Brucella canis can cause \_\_\_
orchitis fever of unknown origin in intact animals discospondylitis
38
what type of Brucella can be transferred to dogs?
B. suis from feral pigs → smooth brucella B. canis → found in dogs and a rough brucella would need to test for both smooth and rough
39
symptoms of Brucella canis in humans
mild flu like disease
40
Brucella will be acid fast + or negative
+ → do not have mycolic acids but cell wall very thick and grabs onto stain→ false positive
41
how to diagnosis brucellosis
serology → testing for antibodies separate test for rough and smooth brucellae
42
how to treat brucellae
cull dogs and humans: doxy and rifampin castration/ovarectomy difficult to eliminate fully
43
what drug to treat brucellea
doxy and rifampin only really treat humans positive animals are usually culled
44
\_\_\_ is the agent of tulermia
Francisella tularensis
45
how does Francisella tularensis grow
gram negative facultative intracellular organism
46
rabbits are the reservoir for \_\_\_
Francisella tularensis
47
besides rabbits, ___ also carry Francisella tularensis
wild rodants and mustelids, and ticks
48
human disease of Francisella tularensis
lymphadenopathy
49
lymphadenopathy in humans can be caused by \_\_\_
Francisella tularensis → rabbits, ticks Plague → Yersina Pestis → fleas
50
\_\_\_ is common in the middle of america
Francisella tularensis carried by rabbits → cause lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly/necrosis, typically fatal
51
symptoms of Feline Tularemia
lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly/necrosis, typically fatal caused by hunting rabbits or transferred from ticks
52
Feline Tularemia Francisella tularensis → transferred from rabbits or tick to cats cause enlarged lymph nodes, splenomegaly/necrosis, and usually fatal
53
compare B. anthracis, Y. pestis and F. tularensis
**Bacillus anthracis** → catalase +, gram + rod, spores in soil → vegetative growth in host, **cutaneous, inhalation and GI anthrax**→ polypeptide capsule and exotoxins → protective antigen, edema factor and lethal factor. Anthrax vaccine, penicillin, **stains- filaments** **Yersinia pestis→** gram -, rodent reservoir, transmitted by fleas→ **bubonic, pneumonic and speticemia**→ found in the western ⅓ of USA → submandibular lymphadenitis, gram - **bipolar staining (safety pin)** **Francisella tularensis** → rabbit and tick reservoir, gram negative, faculative intracellular organism, cause lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly/necrosis and typially fatal→ found in the center of the US, **gram negative cocci**
54
\_\_\_ causes CEM in horses
contagious equine metritis Taylorella equigenitalis
55
\_\_\_ are the asymptomatic carriers of Taylorella equigenitalis
stallions CEM → contagious equine metritis
56
\_\_\_ is spread venereally from asymptomatic stallion carriers
Taylorella equigenitalis
57
symptoms of CEM
contagious equine metritis Taylorella equigenitalis endometritis, cervicitis and vaginitis → pus filled vagina
58
how to diagnosis taylorella
very hard to grow in the lab → fastidious can swab → transport media PCR
59
how to treat Taylorella equigenitalis
penicillin
60
any horse older then 731 days coming into the US is quarantined for \_\_\_
Taylorella equigenitalis
61
\_\_\_ loves water
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
62
Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows ___ on culture
bright green
63
\_\_\_ is a toxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that makes a culture bright green
pyocyanin
64
Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyocyanin- toxin produced that makes culture bright green culture will smell sweet, like grapes
65
Pseudomonas aeruginosa will cause ___ in dogs
otitis externa, post-grooming furunculosis from Contaminated shampoos, wounds (burns) pneumonia.
66
Pseudomonas aeruginosa will cause ___ in cats, ___ in cows and ___ in horses
chronic URI environmental mastitis ulcerative keratitis
67
what will grow if you dilute disinfectant scrubs?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
68
what meds to treat Pseudomonas
**ceftazidime→ 3rd generation** cephalosporin piperacillin carbapenems → last resort drug- NO food animals (NO veterinary labelled options)
69
only oral treatment option for Pseudomonas are \_\_\_, but may quickly become resistant during therapy
FQ (fluoroquinolones) → DNA synthesis inhibitors (baytril)
70
why is pseudomonas intrinsically resistant to so many drugs
low permeability of outer membrane, multi-drug efflux pumps, and production of β-lactamases
71
Bacteria in ____ are phenotypically resistant to antibiotic treatment, even if bacteria are genotypically susceptible
biofilms
72
\_\_\_ causes Bovine pinkeye
Moraxella bovis
73
\_\_\_ is a gram negative, plump rod to coccoid shape
Moraxella bovis → cause bovine pink eye
74
another name for bovine pinkeye
infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) caused by Moraxella bovis
75
Moraxella bovis is found where?
obligate commensal of mucous membranes of cattle found in the eye and respiratory tract can have virulent and non-virulent strains
76
how does bovine pink eye spread
dust gets into eye→ causes corneal abrasions→ **moraxella bovis** which is found in mucous membranes will invade (oppurtunistic) → flies will pass bacteria from cow to cow
77
how to treat bovine pink eye
subconjunctival **oxytetracycline** topical application of **cloxacillin** fly control IBK(infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis) caused by Moraxella bovis

Fall 22: micro (25 decks)

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