Unit 1 - Avian Part 2 (Infectious Coryza - Avian TB)

Question 1

What is the etiologic agent for infectious corzya?

Answer 1

Avibacterium paragallinarum

Question 2

What are the serotypes for infectious coryza and are they cross protective?

Answer 2

Serotypes A, B, and C

They are not cross protective

Question 3

How is infectious coryza transmitted?

Answer 3

Via respiratory droplets, through drinking water, and contact

Question 4

What is the incubation period for infectious corzya?

Answer 4

1-3 days

Question 5

Does infectious coryza spread quickly or slowly?

Answer 5

quickly - rapid spread

Question 6

What type of disease does chicken coryza cause?

Answer 6

An acute respiratory disease of chickens lasting 2- 3 weeks

Question 7

What clinical signs are associated with chicken coryza?

Answer 7

Copious gray nasal discharge, sneezing, swelling of sinus is, and exudate that might consolidate and turn yellow

Question 8

What can secondary infection in cases of chicken coryza lead to?

Answer 8

Conjunctivitis, bronchitis, tracheitis, and airsacculitis

Question 9

What population of chickens can become severely affected by chicken coryza and what happens to them?

Answer 9

Laying hens can become severely affected an egg production can fall markedly

Question 10

What non-respiratory clinical sign can happen in cases of chicken coryza?

Answer 10

They may have anorexia and diarrhea

Question 11

How does chicken coryza effect pullets?

Answer 11

They may have delayed production

Question 12

How is chicken coryza diagnosed?

Answer 12

Bacterial culture along with typical clinical signs or PCR and real time PCR

Question 13

What type of facilities perpetuate coryza?

Answer 13

Multi-age layer facilities

Question 14

How is coryza prevented and in what farms is this important for?

Answer 14

Bacterins are available for farms with history of the disease but you need to make sure to have the correct serotypes

Question 15

In relation to placement when should pullets be vaccinated for coryza?

Answer 15

At least 1 month prior to placement

Question 16

How is coryza treated?

Answer 16

With antibiotics in the water but you need to make sure to start early in the disease process and be aware that antibiotics leave residues in eggs

Question 17

What is the most significant mycoplasma worldwide in birds?

Answer 17

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Question 18

What type of flocks is mycoplasma infection common in and what population maintains infection within that flock?

Answer 18

It is more common in multiage layer flocks where carrier birds can maintain infection

Question 19

What wild bird is mycoplasma gallisepticum infection common in?

Answer 19

Finches of the wild variety

Question 20

What disease process does Mycoplasma gallisepticum cause in house finches that has led to a major population decline?

Answer 20

Conjunctivitis

Question 21

What does Mycoplasma gallisepticum causing turkeys?

Answer 21

infectious sinusitis

Question 22

What does Mycoplasma gallisepticum cause in chickens?

Answer 22

Chronic respiratory disease

Question 23

How is Mycoplasma gallisepticum transmitted?

Answer 23

The source of the organism is often unknown but it can be transmitted via vertical transmission through the egg or it can spread laterally once in a flock

Question 24

What are the ways that Mycoplasma gallisepticum could transmit laterally?

Answer 24

Respiratory route, contaminated water, feed, phone lines, contact.

Question 25

True or false: Mycoplasma gallisepticum can be silent in a flock until some type of stress occurs.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True or False: Chickens generally have a severe disease and remain carriers for life when infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

Answer 26

False - chickens generally have a mild disease but remain carriers for life

Question 27

What role does the National Poultry Improvement Plan play in control of mycoplasma gallisepticum?

Answer 27

They coordinate serologic testing of breeder flocks to ensure a Mycoplasma gallisepticum free status

Question 28

How is Mycoplasma gallisepticum diagnosis?

Answer 28

It is diagnosed by culture and ID with species specific flourescent antibody. it can also be diagnosed with PCR from clinical materials

Question 29

How is Mycoplasma gallisepticum treated?

Answer 29

Tetracyclines, tylosin, another antibiotics

Question 30

Since birds remain carriers of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, what should you do to prevent further infection?

Answer 30

Depopulation and disinfect. It is best to eradicate from breeders

Question 31

What populations operations are back to rinse available for against Michael plasma gallisepticum?

Answer 31

Multiage commercial layer operations

Question 32

Is there a vaccine for mycoplasma gallisepticum?

Answer 32

Yes a recombinant fowlpox mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine is available

Question 33

What is the etiologic agent of aspergillosis?

Answer 33

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 34

What type of disease may aspergillosis cause?

Answer 34

Respiratory, digestive, or neurological disease

Question 35

What species of birds does aspergillosis most commonly affect?

Answer 35

Commercial poultry, pet birds, Penguins

Question 36

What neurologic clinical signs are associated with aspergillosis?

Answer 36

Conversions and torticollis

Question 37

What is the epidemiology of aspergillosis?

Answer 37

Inhalation of spores that are in moldy litter, grain, or others

Question 38

In _____ numbers, there is high _______ when Aspergillosis is inhaled.

Answer 38

high, morbidity

Question 39

What respiratoria lesions does aspergillosis cause?

Answer 39

Granulomatous lesions in or on the lungs, air sacs, bronchi, trachea. There are characteristic greenish to blue or dark grey patches of sporing heads from the aspergillosis

Question 40

What GI lesions does aspergillosis cause and in what species is this more common?

Answer 40

Plaque-like lesions | more common in turkeys

Question 41

How is aspergillosis diagnos?

Answer 41

culture tissues or histopath

Question 42

How is aspergillosis treated?

Answer 42

It is difficult to treat because the outbreak is often almost over before it can be adequately diagnosed. It is recommended to destroy or burn the feed in letter

Question 43

How is aspergillosis prevented in penguins?

Answer 43

Feeding potassium iodide laced fish has been reported at to be an effective preventive

Question 44

True or False: E. coli diseases are usually extraintestinal.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

What are the avian E. coli diseases?

Answer 45

APEC (Avian Pathogenic E. coli) airsacculitis, septicemia, polyserositis, and omphalitis

Question 46

What is Omphalitis?

Answer 46

Yolk SAC disease

Question 47

How are E. coli diseases controlled in prevented?

Answer 47

Prevent other diseases, limit dust and ammonia in poultry barns, and avoid overcrowding

Question 48

What do you often see in chicks with omphalitis? What is their prognosis?

Answer 48

You often see unhealed navels and they usually die by 5 days of age

Question 49

What causes omphalitis?

Answer 49

Marked contamination of eggs and poor regulation of incubation temperature and humidity

Question 50

How is omphalitis diagnosed?

Answer 50

Bacteriologic culture

Question 51

How is omphalitis treated?

Answer 51

Tetracycline in the drinking water

Question 52

How is omphalitis prevented?

Answer 52

Sanitize eggs soon after collection and correct incubation conditions

Question 53

What is the gapeworm?

Answer 53

Syngamus trachea

Question 54

What species are affected by gapeworm?

Answer 54

Chickens, Turkey, Guinea fowl, and many wild birds

Question 55

Is the main intermediate host for gapeworm?

Answer 55

earthworms

Question 56

Can birds transmit gapeworm to one another?

Answer 56

Yes

Question 57

what age group of birds are most severely affected by gapeworm?

Answer 57

Young birds

Question 58

What lesions are associated with gapeworm infection and where?

Answer 58

Lymphoid nodules format the points of attachment in the trachea and bronchi

Question 59

What disease process does gape worm cause?

Answer 59

Hemorrhagic tracheitis and bronchitis

Question 60

Why may birds effected with gapeworm have difficulty breathing?

Answer 60

Because large quantities of mucus may plug air passages

Question 61

How is gapeworm diagnosed?

Answer 61

Typical clinical signs in young birds Older birds may only have a mild cough Characteristic worms in trachea

Question 62

How is gapeworm prevented?

Answer 62

Insecticides to kill intermediate hosts

Question 63

What drug could be put in water or feed to get rid of gapeworms, but is not allowed in the United States because the dosage is too high?

Answer 63

Fenbendazole - you would need 100 ppm and only 16 ppm is allowed

Question 64

What species of birds and age group does Orinthobacterium rhinotracheale cause severe disease in?

Answer 64

Older turkeys

Question 65

What clinical signs and lesions does ORT cause in 2 week old Turkey poults?

Answer 65

Milder respiratory signs, facial edema, decreased feed and water consumption, and increased mortality

Question 66

What clinical signs and lesions does ORT cause in 12 to 14 week old broiler turkeys?

Answer 66

Sudden death, marked dyspnea, and frequently have blood-stained mucus in the mouth

Question 67

What age does ORT affect broiler chickens?

Answer 67

3 to 4 weeks

Question 68

Clinical signs and lesions does ORT cause in broiler chickens?

Answer 68

Mild respiratory disease with sneezing, nasal discharge, sinusitis, increased mortality, and poor rate of game

Question 69

What clinical signs in lesions does ORT cause in layer and breeder chickens?

Answer 69

Mild respiratory signs, slightly increased mortality, decreased egg production, poor shell quality, in smaller eggs

Question 70

When is the most common time for broiler breeders to be infected with ORT?

Answer 70

Around 6 months of age

Question 71

Overall, what lesions does ORT cause?

Answer 71

Pneumonia, fibronous pleuritis, peritonitis, pericarditis, airsacculitis, mild sinusitis, tracheitis, enlarged liver, and oophoritis

Question 72

How is ORT diagnosed?

Answer 72

Bacterial culture and ID

Question 73

What can be used to survey flocks serologically for infection?

Answer 73

AGID, ELISA, Serum agglutination

Question 74

How is ORT controlled in prevented?

Answer 74

Have excellent biosecurity, All-in all-out facility, thorough disinfection of poultry houses, and immunization

Question 75

What is the recommendation/requirement for autogenous bacterins for turkey broilers?

Answer 75

They must include several serotypes beside A

Question 76

How are chicken broilers best immunized for ORT?

Answer 76

Through hens because it provides protection out to 2-4 weeks

Question 77

How is ORT treated?

Answer 77

Antimicrobials are best but susceptibility tests should be done. Tetracyclines and amoxicillin in water have worked in some cases

Question 78

What is the etiologic agent of fowl cholera?

Answer 78

Pasteurella multocida Types A and sometimes F

Question 79

Fowl cholera is usually what type of disease? (Like what disease process?)

Answer 79

An acute septicemia

Question 80

The morbidity and mortality for fowl cholera is up to ____%.

Answer 80

100%

Question 81

What species does fowl cholera affect?

Answer 81

Chickens, Turkey, geese, waterfowl

Question 82

But lesions does chronic fowl cholera often result in?

Answer 82

Isolated suppurative lesions in the respiratory tract, head, and joint infection

Question 83

Animals that get fowl cholera often get torticollis. What disease process causes this?

Answer 83

otitis

Question 84

How does fowl cholera often present?

Answer 84

Sudden deaths in a large number of birds without previous signs

Question 85

How does fowl cholera present in peracute disease?

Answer 85

generalized hyperemia and congestion

Question 86

What lesions are associated with fowl cholera?

Answer 86

Focal hepatitis and splenitis purulent pneumonia Cellulitis and suppurative lesions in face and wattles Purulent arthritis in chronic forms or survivors of acute forms Enteritis with diarrhea can occur Oophoritis

Question 87

How is fowl cholera diagnosed?

Answer 87

Culture and ID | Multiplex PCR for serotyping

Question 88

How is fowl cholera prevented?

Answer 88

Good biosecurity, rodent control, rabbits, bacterins

Question 89

What is the preferred bacterin for fowl cholera?

Answer 89

Commercial polyvalent bacterins

Question 90

What bacterin should be used if commercial doesn't work?

Answer 90

Autogenous bacterins

Question 91

How should live attenuated fowl cholera vaccine be given to turkeys?

Answer 91

through the water

Question 92

How should live attenuated fowl cholera vaccines be given to chickens?

Answer 92

Via the wing web

Question 93

How is fowl cholera treated?

Answer 93

Sulfas, tetracyclines, and penicillin

Question 94

What is the only way to rid a population form fowl cholera?

Answer 94

Total depopulation, thorough disinfection, and repopulation in a few weeks is the only way

Question 95

What causes avian tuberculosis in our poultry?

Answer 95

Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium | Serotypes 1, 2, and 3 most commonly

Question 96

What is the etiologic agent of avian tuberculosis in pet birds?

Answer 96

M. genavense

Question 97

How is avian tuberculosis transmitted?

Answer 97

Oral and aerosol transmission | Natural habits in soil and bird intestines

Question 98

True or False: Commercial poultry do not usually live long enough to develop disease from avian tuberculosis unless in multi-age layer or breeder flocks.

Answer 98

True

Question 99

What flocks may develop avian tuberculosis?

Answer 99

Backyard flocks and pet birds

Question 100

What clinical signs does avian tuberculosis cause?

Answer 100

Emaciation, depression, diarrhea, and marked atrophy of the breast muscles

Question 101

What lesions does avian tuberculosis cause?

Answer 101

Tubercles in multiple organs usually beginning with intestine and liver

Question 102

How is avian tuberculosis diagnosed?

Answer 102

With culture of tissues or feces or acid-fast organisms on histopath

Question 103

How is avian tuberculosis prevented?

Answer 103

Tuberculin testing commercial birds Whole blood agglutination for imported birds, waterfowl, and others Good biosecurity