Flashcards in Unit 1: History and Approaches Deck (28):
1
What did Socrates and Plato believe about the mind and body?
They believed that the mind and body are separate, and that the mind can continue existing after the body dies.
2
The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
Empiricism
3
School of psychology that used introspection to explore the mind
Structuralism
4
School of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes are function in an evolutionary sense
Functionalism
5
The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method
Experimental psychology
6
The view that psychology should
(1) be an objective science
(2) study only behavior, not abstract thoughts
Behaviorism
7
Branch of psychology that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people
Humanistic Psychology
8
The science of behavior and mental processes
Psychology
9
Integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and sociological levels of analysis
Biopsychosocial Approach
10
Branch of psychology which studies links between biological processes and mental processes
Biological Psychology
11
Branch of psychology which studies the link between human adaptations to environmental stimuli over time and our current psychological state
Evolutionary Psychology
12
The branch of psychology concerned with how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior
Psychodynamic Perspective
13
The branch of psychology concerned with mental activities, including thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating
Cognitive Psychology
14
The branch of psychology concerned with how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking
Social-Cultural Psychology
15
Psychologist who started the "structuralist" school of psychology
Edward Titschener
16
Psychologist who started the "functionalist" school of psychology
William James
17
Psychologist who started psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
18
What is the "nature-nurture" debate?
The controversial divide over the importance of genetic (nature) and environmental factors (nurture) in human traits or behaviors.
19
What does John Locke's term "Tabula Rasa" mean?
"Blank Slate" - the idea that humans are born *without* inherent knowledge, that all knowledge is *learned*
20
What is the name of a psychologist that has a medical degree and can prescribe drugs?
Psychiatrist
21
What is the type of psychologist with a PhD that counsels people with more severe mental disorders (e.g. Schizophrenia, Major Depression), but cannot prescribe drugs?
Clinical Psychologist
22
Name of psychologist that helps people improve their functioning, and works with moderate mental disorders (e.g. Alcoholism, Depression, Anxiety) - typically has a master's degree, and has acquired a licence to practice.
Counseling Psychologist
23
Branch of psychology dedicated to the creation, administration and interpretation of tests that measure human traits or abilities.
Psychometrics
24
Type of psychologist that studies how humans can most efficiently interact and create in a workplace, usually with a masters or PhD level degree
Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychologist
25
Branch of psychology that defined the word psychology as "the study of *observable* behavior"
Behavioral Psychology
26
Man who created the first psychology lab
Wilhelm Wundt
27
Primary psychologists associated with behavioral psychology
John Watson / B.F. Skinner / Ivan Pavlov
28