Flashcards in Unit 3A: Neural Processing and the Endocrine System Deck (41)
Loading flashcards...
1
What is Phrenology?
Phrenology was the belief, started in the 1800s by Franz Gall, that bumps on a person's head revealed aspects of their personality or intelligence.
2
What is a neuron
A cell used in the nervous system to send and receive messages.
3
Neurons that send messages *from* the body *to* the brain
Sensory Neuron
4
Neuron that sends messages *from* the brain *to* the body
Motor Neuron
5
Neurons located in the brain which communicate with other brain neurons
Interneuron
6
The "arms" branching from the body of a neuron that receive information from other neurons
Dendrite
7
The body of a cell
Cell Body
8
The "brain" of the cell, located in the very center of the body
Nucleus
9
The area immediately before the axon that initially begins an action potential
Axon Hillock
10
The long "arm" of a neuron which sends a message (length can range from less than a millimeter, to several feet)
Axon
11
The fatty tissue which insulates the axon
Myelin Sheath
12
The cell that produces the fatty tissue that makes up the myelin sheath
Schwann Cell
13
The electro-chemical charge that travels across the axon
Action Potential
14
The "arms" extending at the end of the axon, which send messages to other neurons
Axon Terminal / Terminal Button / Terminal Branches
(All words for the same thing)
15
The extremely small gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another
Synaptic Gap (or Synaptic Cleft)
16
The minimum electrical stimulation required by the axon hillock to send an action potential
Threshold
17
The period of time after an action potential is sent that the axon is unable to accept another action potential
Refractory Period
18
Neurotransmitter whose main use is movement
Acetylcholine
19
Neurotransmitter whose main purpose is mood (have enough, GREAT! - don't have enough? depressed / anxious)
Serotonin
20
Neurotransmitter - too much? SCHIZOPHRENIA, too little? PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Dopamine
21
Mimics a neurotransmitter well enough to bind to the receptor site *and* fire
Agonist
22
Mimics a neurotransmitter well enough to bind to the receptor site and clog the site, so that actual neurotransmitters can not fire
Antagonist
23
The process of neurotransmitters going back into the axon terminal from the synapse after "firing"
Reuptake
24
A drug that works by preventing neurotransmitters from reentering the axon terminal from the synapse
Reuptake inhibitor
25
Oh crap, I am depressed, what happened?
Too little serotonin
26
Dang, I have schizophrenia, what is going on?
Too much dopamine
27
I'm all shaky from Parkinson's, what's happening?
Too little dopamine
28
I can't move, I'm completely paralyzed, WHAT'S HAPPENING TO ME?!?!
Too little Acetylcohline (or presence of ACh (Acetylcholine) antagonist)
29
I'm moving my body uncontrollably, AAAAAAHHHHHHH!
Too much Acetylcohline (or presence of ACh (Acetylcholine) agonist)
30
