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bio 111 > unit 10 (blood) > Flashcards

unit 10 (blood) Flashcards

1
Q

blood transports:

A

nutrients
waste
hormones
body heat

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2
Q

composition of blood

A

formed elements and plasma

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3
Q

volume of blood

A

5.5 L (5-6L)

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4
Q

composition of plasma

A

90% water
plasma proteins (albumin, clotting proteins, antibodies, enzymes)

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5
Q

albumin

A

an important blood buffer and contributes to osmotic pressure

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6
Q

clotting proteins

A

help to stem blood loss when a blood vessel is injured

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7
Q

antibodies

A

help protect the body from pathogens

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8
Q

enzymes

A

catalyze chemical reactions

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9
Q

RBC

A

erythrocytes; carry oxygen, anucleate, hemoglobin; normal: 5 million

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10
Q

hemoglobin

A

iron containing protein; binds oxygen; normal: 12-18 g/dl

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11
Q

homeostatic imbalance: anemia’s 3 causes

A

 Lower-than-normal number of RBCs
 Abnormal or deficient hemoglobin content in the RBCs
 Insufficient Iron in diet

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12
Q

increase in RBC

A

slows blood flow and increases blood viscosity (thickness)

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13
Q

WBC

A

leukocytes; defense against disease, has nucleus, diapedesis; granulocytes and agranulocytes; normal: 4,800 to 10,800

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14
Q

diapedesis

A

can move in and out of blood vessels

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15
Q

granulocytes

A

can see granules in cytoplasm; neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

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16
Q

agranulocytes

A

lack visible granules in cytoplasm; lymphocytes and monocytes

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17
Q

most abundant to least (WBC)

A

neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils

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18
Q

neutrophils

A

most numerous; phagocytes; 40-70%

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19
Q

eosinophils

A

red/pink granules; kill parasitic worms and play a role in allergy attacks; 1-4%

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20
Q

basophils

A

rarest; dark granules; allergy attack; 0-1%

21
Q

lymphocytes

A

large, dark nucleus; antibodies; 20-45%

22
Q

monocytes

A

largest; macrophages; fights chronic infection; 4-8%

23
Q

platelets

A

thrombocytes; fragments, clotting process; normal: 300,000

24
Q

hematopoiesis

A

in red bone marrow; blood cell formation of RBC and WBC; common stem cells

25
Q

hemocytoblast

A

all blood cells are derived from a common stem cell

26
Q

erythropoietin

A

rate of RBC production and controlled by a hormone; kidneys;

27
Q

Thrombopoietin

A

stimulates production of platelets

28
Q

Colony stimulating factors (CSFs) and interleukins

A

prompt bone marrow to generate leukocytes

29
Q

Hemostasis

A

stopping the bleeding that results from a break in a blood vessel

30
Q

hemostasis 3 phases

A

vascular spasms
platelet plug formation
coagulation

31
Q

vascular spasms

A

 Immediate response to blood vessel injury
 Vasoconstriction (due to release of the hormone Prostaglandin at injury site) causes blood vessel to spasm
 Spasms narrow the blood vessel, decreasing blood loss

32
Q

platelet plug formation

A

Collagen fibers are exposed and Platelets become “sticky” and cling to fibers

33
Q

coagulation

A

blood clotting; Injured tissues release tissue factor (TF), clotting cascade is triggered, prothrombin to thrombin -> Thrombin joins fibrinogen proteins into hairlike molecules of insoluble fibrin -> fibrinogen -> fibrin

34
Q

undesirable clotting

A

thrombus and embolus

35
Q

thrombus

A

stationary clot

36
Q

embolus

A

moving clot

37
Q

antigens

A

self or foreign

38
Q

antibodies

A

recognizes that bind foreign antigens

39
Q

transfusion reaction

A

stopping pressure

40
Q

sites of blood cell formation

A

liver, spleen, bone marrow

41
Q

anemia

A

any decrease in oxygen-carrying ability die to blood

42
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

abnormally shaped hemoglobin

43
Q

polycythemia

A

excessive or abnormal increase of RBC due to bone marrow cancer and life at higher altitudes

44
Q

leukopenia

A

abnormally low WBC count by drugs

45
Q

leukocytosis

A

above normal count due to infection

46
Q

leukemia

A

bone marrow becomes cancerous

47
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

insufficient number of platelets

48
Q

hemophilia

A

hereditary; normal clotting factors are missing

49
Q

hemolysis

A

rupture of RBCs

bio 111 (19 decks)

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