unit 10 (blood)

Question 1

blood transports:

Answer 1

nutrients
waste
hormones
body heat

Question 2

composition of blood

Answer 2

formed elements and plasma

Question 3

volume of blood

Answer 3

5.5 L (5-6L)

Question 4

composition of plasma

Answer 4

90% water
plasma proteins (albumin, clotting proteins, antibodies, enzymes)

Question 5

albumin

Answer 5

an important blood buffer and contributes to osmotic pressure

Question 6

clotting proteins

Answer 6

help to stem blood loss when a blood vessel is injured

Question 7

antibodies

Answer 7

help protect the body from pathogens

Question 8

enzymes

Answer 8

catalyze chemical reactions

Question 9

RBC

Answer 9

erythrocytes; carry oxygen, anucleate, hemoglobin; normal: 5 million

Question 10

hemoglobin

Answer 10

iron containing protein; binds oxygen; normal: 12-18 g/dl

Question 11

homeostatic imbalance: anemia’s 3 causes

Answer 11

 Lower-than-normal number of RBCs
 Abnormal or deficient hemoglobin content in the RBCs
 Insufficient Iron in diet

Question 12

increase in RBC

Answer 12

slows blood flow and increases blood viscosity (thickness)

Question 13

WBC

Answer 13

leukocytes; defense against disease, has nucleus, diapedesis; granulocytes and agranulocytes; normal: 4,800 to 10,800

Question 14

diapedesis

Answer 14

can move in and out of blood vessels

Question 15

granulocytes

Answer 15

can see granules in cytoplasm; neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 16

agranulocytes

Answer 16

lack visible granules in cytoplasm; lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 17

most abundant to least (WBC)

Answer 17

neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils

Question 18

neutrophils

Answer 18

most numerous; phagocytes; 40-70%

Question 19

eosinophils

Answer 19

red/pink granules; kill parasitic worms and play a role in allergy attacks; 1-4%

Question 20

basophils

Answer 20

rarest; dark granules; allergy attack; 0-1%

Question 21

lymphocytes

Answer 21

large, dark nucleus; antibodies; 20-45%

Question 22

monocytes

Answer 22

largest; macrophages; fights chronic infection; 4-8%

Question 23

platelets

Answer 23

thrombocytes; fragments, clotting process; normal: 300,000

Question 24

hematopoiesis

Answer 24

in red bone marrow; blood cell formation of RBC and WBC; common stem cells

Question 25

hemocytoblast

Answer 25

all blood cells are derived from a common stem cell

Question 26

erythropoietin

Answer 26

rate of RBC production and controlled by a hormone; kidneys;

Question 27

Thrombopoietin

Answer 27

stimulates production of platelets

Question 28

Colony stimulating factors (CSFs) and interleukins

Answer 28

prompt bone marrow to generate leukocytes

Question 29

Hemostasis

Answer 29

stopping the bleeding that results from a break in a blood vessel

Question 30

hemostasis 3 phases

Answer 30

vascular spasms platelet plug formation coagulation

Question 31

vascular spasms

Answer 31

 Immediate response to blood vessel injury  Vasoconstriction (due to release of the hormone Prostaglandin at injury site) causes blood vessel to spasm  Spasms narrow the blood vessel, decreasing blood loss

Question 32

platelet plug formation

Answer 32

Collagen fibers are exposed and Platelets become “sticky” and cling to fibers

Question 33

coagulation

Answer 33

blood clotting; Injured tissues release tissue factor (TF), clotting cascade is triggered, prothrombin to thrombin -> Thrombin joins fibrinogen proteins into hairlike molecules of insoluble fibrin -> fibrinogen -> fibrin

Question 34

undesirable clotting

Answer 34

thrombus and embolus

Question 35

thrombus

Answer 35

stationary clot

Question 36

embolus

Answer 36

moving clot

Question 37

antigens

Answer 37

self or foreign

Question 38

antibodies

Answer 38

recognizes that bind foreign antigens

Question 39

transfusion reaction

Answer 39

stopping pressure

Question 40

sites of blood cell formation

Answer 40

liver, spleen, bone marrow

Question 41

anemia

Answer 41

any decrease in oxygen-carrying ability die to blood

Question 42

sickle cell anemia

Answer 42

abnormally shaped hemoglobin

Question 43

polycythemia

Answer 43

excessive or abnormal increase of RBC due to bone marrow cancer and life at higher altitudes

Question 44

leukopenia

Answer 44

abnormally low WBC count by drugs

Question 45

leukocytosis

Answer 45

above normal count due to infection

Question 46

leukemia

Answer 46

bone marrow becomes cancerous

Question 47

thrombocytopenia

Answer 47

insufficient number of platelets

Question 48

hemophilia

Answer 48

hereditary; normal clotting factors are missing

Question 49

hemolysis

Answer 49

rupture of RBCs