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bio 111 > unit 11 (lymphatic) > Flashcards

unit 11 (lymphatic) Flashcards

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1
Q

lymph

A

-runs alongside veins
-excess tissue fluid
-edema if fluid isn’t picked up
-one way system from capillary bed to lymph nodes to venous return system to blood (only toward heart)

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2
Q

lymph nodes

A

filter lymph before it’s returned to blood

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3
Q

spleen

A

-forms blood cells in fetus
-acts as blood reservoir
-filters and cleans, lymphocyte proliferation, destroys worn out RBC
-left side of abdomen

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4
Q

thymus

A

site of training for t lymphs
-overlying heart

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5
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

macrophages capture and destroy bacteria in the intestine
-walls of small intestine

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6
Q

tonsils

A

trap and remove bacteria
-throat opening of nose, mouth, and tongue

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7
Q

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

A

appendix; acts as a sentinel to protect respiratory and digestive tracts

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8
Q

innate defense (nonspecific)

A

protects against wide varieties of invaders

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9
Q

adaptive defense system (specific)

A

fights invaders that get past innate; highly specific resistance to disease: immunity

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10
Q

examples of innate

A

surface membrane barriers
cellular
chemical defenses
fever

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11
Q

surface membrane barriers

A

intact skin and mucous membrane; first line of defense; acidic skin secretions, sebum, mucus, gastric juices, saliva and tears

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12
Q

cellular

A

second line of defense; natural killer cells and phagocytes; fever, inflammatory response, Chemicals that kill pathogens, and fever

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13
Q

chemical defenses

A

antimicrobial proteins

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14
Q

fever

A

pyrogens and hypothalamus

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15
Q

major steps of inflammatory response

A

-redness, heat, pain, swelling
-damaged cells release chemicals
-cause: phagocytes and WBC to move into area
-prevents: spread, disposes debris and pathogens, beings repair

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16
Q

complement

A

at least 20 plasma proteins circulating in plasma; form MAC’s and produce holes in cells for water to rush in

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17
Q

interferon

A

virus infected cells secrete these; bind to membrane receptors on healthy cells to interfere with ability of viruses to multiply

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18
Q

how a fever protects the body

A

-speeds repair processes (inc in temp)
-hypothalamus regulates body temp by pyrogens
-high temps inhibit release of zinc and iron that bacteria needs

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19
Q

humoral immunity

A

antibody mediated immunity; body fluid and B cells

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20
Q

cellular immunity

A

cell mediated immunity; virus -infected cells, cancer cells, cells of foreign grafts (target these)

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21
Q

antigen

A

any substance capable of exciting immune system and provoking an immune response

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22
Q

hapten

A

incomplete antigens; not antigenic by themselves; poison ivy, animal dander, detergents, hair dyes, and cosmetics

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23
Q

b lymphocytes

A

produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity; bone marrow; can bind to specific antigen and make copies of themselves

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24
Q

t lymphocytes

Study These Flashcards
A

cell mediated; mature in thymus; do not make antigens; APC

25
importance of antigen-presenting cells
engulf antigens and present fragments on their cell surfaces to be recognized by t cells
26
examples of APC
dendritic cells, macrophages, b lymphs
27
B and T lymphs
migrate to lymph node and spleen; thymus and bone marrow; self-tolerance=education
28
plasma cells
produces antibodies to destroy antigens
29
memory cells
T cells; clones
30
antibodies
activity lasts 4-5 days; blood protein (gamma globulin); secreted by activated B cells; have different classes
31
active immunity
occurs when B cells encounter antigens and produce antibodies; naturally acquired during bacterial and viral infections; artificially acquired from vaccines
32
passive immunity
antibodies from someone else (infusion, breast milk); short lived and no memory
33
general structure of antibody
protein
34
5 classes of antibodies
IgM IgA IgD IgG IgE
35
IgM
can fix complement
36
IgA
found mainly in secretions (mucus or tears)
37
IgD
important in activation of B cells
38
IgG
can cross placental barrier and fix complement (most abundant antibody in plasma)
39
IgE
involved in allergies
40
neutralization
antibodies bind to specific sites on exotoxins or viruses to cause cell injury
41
agglutination
antibody - antigen reaction that causes clumping of cells
42
precipitation
cross-linking reaction in which antigen-antibody complex settles out of solution
43
helper
recruit other cells to fight; B cells to make antibodies since T cells can't
44
regulatory
help slow down immune response; release chemicals to stop press activity of b and t cells
45
cytotoxic
killer cells; insert toxic chemicals
46
autografts
tissue transplanted from one site to another on same person
47
isografts
tissue grafts from a genetically identical person (twin)
48
allografts
tissue taken from a person other than identical twin (most common)
49
xenografts
tissue taken from a different animal species (never successful)
50
allergies
(immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, anaphylactic shock) the immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless antigen and tissue damage occurs
51
autoimmune diseases
occur when body's self-tolerance breaks down - body produces auto-antibodies and sensitized t lymphs that attack its own tissues
52
immunodeficiencies
may be congenital or acquired; result from abnormalities in any immune element
53
SCID
cogenital
54
AIDS
caused by a virus that attacks and cripples they helper T cells
55
lymphatic vessels
have valves thin walls need skeletal muscles to move lymph (similar to veins)
56
third line of defense
antigen and antibody -antigen specific -systemic -memory
57
antigen specific
the adaptive defense system recognizes and acts against particular foreign substances
58
systemic
immunity is not restricted to the initial infection site
59
memory
the adaptive defense system recognizes and mounts a stronger attack on previously encountered pathogens

bio 111 (19 decks)

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